The historical and contemporary state of Islam in Turkey, focusing on its transition from the Ottoman Empire's Islamic rule to a secular republic under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
Secularly oriented Indian political party established in 1885, associated with Hindu interests and instrumental in the events leading to the creation of Pakistan.
The Neo-Destour Party, founded in 1934, promoted Tunisian independence from France and embraced values of democracy, modernization, development, socialism, and secularism.
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