The Crusades were military expeditions by Latin Christians primarily in the late twelfth and thirteenth centuries aiming to regain control of Christian Holy Lands from Muslim rule.
Founder of the Franciscan monastic orders and early Christian missionary to Muslims.
Eastern Persian Sunni dynasty of the mid-twelfth to early thirteenth centuries, known for their military conquests and patronage of literature, architecture, and the arts.
Spanish Muslim traveler known for his significant medieval travelogue, Rihlat Ibn Jubayr
Founder of the Tulunid dynasty in Egypt, responsible for administrative, agrarian, and cultural advancements.
The Moors were Berbers from Northwest Africa who conquered the Iberian Peninsula in 711 CE.
