Small shopkeeper/merchant sector of the traditional middle class of Iran involved in both economic and religious spheres, historically supporting anti-state movements.
Iranian religio-political organization founded in Tehran in 1945 by Sayyid Mujtaba Navvab Safavi, which aimed to establish an Islamic order governed by Islamic law.
White Revolution: Social, economic, and legal reforms by Shah Reza Pahlavi in 1960s-1970s Iran aimed at modernization, significantly impacting urban elites while neglecting rural and traditional sectors and contributing to the Islamic Revolution of 1979.
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