Shahrastani, Abu al-Fath Muhammad ibn Abd al-Karim al- (d. 1153) was a scholar, philosopher, theologian, and historian of religions from the Iranian province of Khurasan.
Founder of Islamic political philosophy and formal logic, known for synthesizing Plato's political philosophy and Islamic political thought.
Learn about the term 'AD-DURRATU ʾL-BAIẓĀʾ,' its implications and usage in Ṣūfī thought. Understand the concept of the first intelligence in Islamic mysticism and its significance.
Explore the concept of 'Al-Ḥawāssu ʾL-K͟Hamsah' (the Five Senses) in Islam. Understand its definition, etymology, and significance in Islamic thought, culture, and practice.
Philosopher-scientist known for synthesizing Aristotelian Neoplatonic philosophy with Islamic cosmology.
Concept of the Virtuous City in Islamic Philosophy and Historical Context
Influential Egyptian journal founded by Muhammad Abduh and Muhammad Rashid Rida, focusing on Quranic exegesis, theological explication, and dissemination of reformist ideas.
Explore the term 'Al-Waqtu ʾd-Dāʾim' in Sufism, its profound implications, and spiritual significance. Learn about the concept of Everlasting Time and its link to the Eternal One.
Explore the concept of Al-ʿIlmu ʾl-Yaqīn, its implications in Islamic theology, and its significance in the spiritual and everyday lives of Muslims. Learn about the deeper meanings and how it is interpreted within Islamic thought.
Explore the concept of AL-ʿILMU ʾT̤-T̤ABĪʿĪ or Natural Philosophy in Islamic intellectual tradition. Understand its historical development, implications, and influence on various fields of study.
An influential Egyptian qadi, intellectual, and author known for his controversial views on Islamic governance.
Iranian Shii thinker and political activist, proponent of Islamic modernization and social justice.
First influential Sufi teacher from North Africa, founder of the Madyani Way.
The study of anthropology guided by Islamic principles and perspectives.
An overview of Aristotle's influence and contributions to Islamic philosophy, as well as the transmission of his works in the Muslim world.
Explore the concept of 'AT̤-T̤IBBU ʾR-RŪḤĀNI (الطب الروحانى),' its etymology, and its importance in Sufi traditions. Understand how this term relates to spiritual health and the remedies prescribed for maintaining a healthy heart and soul.
Bayan refers to clearness, lucidity, and manifestation in Islamic literature and Arabic rhetoric.
Explore the term 'Wujūd,' its philosophical implications, and its classification within Islamic thought. Understand how different types of existences are perceived within Islamic theology and philosophy.
Explore the concept of 'Faiẓ-i-Aqdas,' its etymology, and importance in Islamic intellectual tradition. Understand how it relates to divine communications with angels, prophets, and other superior intelligences.
Influential Ashari theologian, jurist, and mystic in Islam
Explore the term 'ḤAQĪQĪ,' its various implications in Islamic theology, philosophy, and linguistics. Understand the difference between literal and figurative meanings within Islamic texts.
Hashiyyah are supercommentaries or glosses written in the margins of texts, reflecting the cumulative nature of Muslim scholarship.
Egyptian novelist and thinker who used religious symbols to harmonize Islam with modern rational, scientific analysis.
The role of Hermeticism in early Sufism, emphasizing ascetic practices and the renunciation of worldly affairs.
An Islamic philosophical tradition emphasizing wisdom through illumination.
In Islamic context, 'Hurr' and 'Hurriyyah’ signify freedom, particularly in a Sufi metaphysical sense, implying ultimate devotion to God.
Concept of identity in classical Islamic philosophy and mysticism, denoting a thing’s essential existence
Influential and controversial Sufi thinker known for his views on the unity of being and the perfect person
Leading Hanbali jurist and rationalist in eleventh-century Baghdad
An influential Arab historian, historiographer, and social philosopher, regarded as the father of sociology.
Persian philosopher and historian who authored the first major Islamic work on philosophical ethics
Prominent Aristotelian philosopher of the Muslim world, known as Averroës, with influential works in theology, medicine, and jurisprudence.
A prominent philosopher, physician, and polymath in the Muslim world, known for his fundamental contributions to medicine, philosophy, and the natural sciences.
Prominent and controversial Syrian thinker, theologian, Hanbali jurist, and political figure
Andalusian physician and philosopher best known for his philosophical novel Hayy Ibn Yaqzan, describing the intellectual development of a man living isolated on a desert island.
A tenth- and eleventh-century secret brotherhood of philosophers and scientists known for their comprehensive philosophical and scientific treatise known as the Epistles of the Brethren of Purity.
The mystical numerological process assigning numerical values to Arabic letters to infer hidden meanings within the Quran.
Muslim alchemist and father of Arab chemistry who synthesized cosmological and scientific ideas.
A prominent Moroccan intellectual, writer, and professor known for his works in Arab and Islamic philosophy, as well as his critical analysis of contemporary Arab thought.
Palestinian intellectual and author known for his Marxist interpretation of Islamic thought.
Explanation of social justice in Islam, its historical roots, key principles, and notable proponents.
Explore the term 'Karūbīn,' its etymology, significance in Islamic theology, and its relation to the concept of cherubim in biblical texts. Understand the role of Karūbīn in Islamic literature and thought.
Ottoman Turkish poet and writer whose works blend traditional Islamic concepts with liberal European ideals.
Discover the term 'Khafī,' its significance in Islamic exegesis, and how it distinguishes between hidden and obvious meanings in the Qur'anic text.
Review of Khalid Muhammad Khalid's contributions to Islamic thought and political philosophy.
Sufi of the Chishti tariqah from India who established the order in the West.
Explore the term 'Lubb' (لب), its spiritual and intellectual implications in Islamic thought. Learn about its role in illuminating the heart and soul through divine light.
Luqman - A pre-Islamic sage-prophet, often referred to as al-Hakim (the wise). Surah 31 in the Quran bears his name and extols his wisdom and piety.
Explore the figure of Luqmān, his wisdom, his mention in the Qurʾān, his historical and cultural significance, and his possible identification with Æsop.
A Persian philosopher and theologian from the Safavid period, notable for synthesizing Ibn Sina's peripatetic philosophy and Hikmat al-Ishraq’s illumination philosophy.
Eighth-century Islamic theological school emphasizing God's absolute uniqueness, unity, and justice.
A preeminent Imami Shii jurist and theologian who significantly influenced Shii thought in Buwayhid Baghdad
Muhammad Abduh (d. 1905), Egyptian scholar, journalist, theologian, jurist, grand mufti, and reformer, regarded as an architect of Islamic modernism.
Egyptian Islamic intellectual and prolific writer known for his extensive works on Islamic philosophy, the Quran, politics, and intellectual issues.
Theological school in Islam emphasizing postponement of judgment and God's mercy, opposed to Kharijite puritanism.
An influential Iranian religious scholar, writer, and close associate of Ayatollah Khomeini, known for his significant contributions to Islamic philosophy and jurisprudence.
Explore the Muʿtazilah, an Islamic theological school founded by Wāṣil ibn ʿAt̤āʾ. Understand their core beliefs, historical impact, and sub-sects.
An influential Iranian philosopher, theologian, traditionalist, teacher, and writer advocating for Safavid Islam and opposing modernist forces.
Explore the term 'NĀSŪT' (ناسوت), its meanings, and its role in Sufi thought and practice. Learn about the concept of human nature in Islamic mysticism and its relationship to spiritual development.
An exploration of Natural Science in Islamic thought, detailing its scope, significance, and notable contributors.
The influence and integration of Neoplatonism in major Islamic philosophical and mystical traditions.
Greek philosopher whose works influenced Islamic philosophy and were partially translated into Arabic through prominent Islamic scholars.
Prominent Mutazili theologian and chief justice known for his contributions to Islamic theology and jurisprudence.
Persian scientist, physician, and Platonist philosopher known for his empirical approach to medical knowledge and skepticism of traditional religious doctrines.
The Republican Brothers, a Sudanese Islamic renewal movement formed in the 1960s, led by Mahmud Muhammad Taha, aimed to establish a moral, peaceful and free society through the reinterpretation of Islamic tenets.
Explore the concept of Riyāʾ (رياء) or hypocrisy in Islam. Understand its condemnation in the Qurʾān, implications for Muslims, and how it is addressed in Islamic teachings.
Spiritual beings significant in Islamic philosophy and mysticism, often associated with angels governing heavenly spheres and mediating between the spiritual world and humanity.
Iraqi Shii intellectual, philosopher, political leader, and author whose works significantly influenced Islamic philosophy, economics, and constitutional law.
The concept of separating religion from state affairs, often viewed differently within Islamic contexts.
A concept of divine right kingship popularized by Muslim rulers claiming to be vicegerents of God on earth.
Prominent early Ismaili dai and author known for his complex metaphysical writings.
Iranian mystic and philosopher of the Kubrawi Sufi order, known for his emphasis on Quranic adherence and critiques of Ibn al-Arabi’s monism.
Doctrine of divine exemption emphasizing God's unique and incomparable nature
Baghdadi writer and philosopher (d. ca. 1023) who studied various disciplines and commented on the intellectual milieu of his time.
Philosophical, rational, or mystical discussions in Islam concerning revealed truths, known as 'kalam' in Arabic. Focuses on major doctrinal issues such as the concept of God, cosmology, ethics, religious language, imagination, and the relationship between reason and revelation.
Prominent 13th-century Shii astronomer, theologian, and philosopher
Explore the term 'USWAH' (also ISWAH) as found in Islamic texts. Understand its implications as an example for Muslims and its usage in the context of the Qur'an.
Oneness of appearance, an Islamic mystical doctrine distinguishing from the Oneness of Being (Wahdat al-Wujud), primarily propagated by Indian Sufi Ahmad al-Sirhindi.
The legatee of religious knowledge and esoteric truths in Shiism, designated for continuance by formal nass.
Explore the term 'ẔĀT (ذات)' in Islamic theology, its linguistic roots, and how it pertains to discussions about the essence of God and human nature in both theology and law.
Explore the term 'ʿIlmu ʾl-Ḥikmah,' its implications and significance in Islamic context. Understand its etymology and relationship to 'ʿIlmu ʾl-Falsafah' in Islamic philosophy, and how it affects Islamic intellectual traditions.
An in-depth look into Muslim Philosophy, its origins, key figures, and the interplay with Greek philosophy, providing insights into its significance within the Islamic intellectual tradition.
Explore the term 'Al-Kīmiyāʾ' as used among Ṣūfī mystics, its definitions, different types, and its role in spiritual development. Understand the variance between ordinary people and special individuals within Ṣūfī thought.
The study and understanding of moral principles and values within the framework of Islamic theology and philosophy.
Explore the term 'ḤUJJATU ʾL-ḤAQQI ʿALA ʾL-K͟HALQ,' its origins, and its importance in Sufi mysticism. Understand the concept of the 'perfect man' in Islamic thought.
Understand ṢAFĪYU ʾLLĀH, its etymology, and significance in Islamic teachings. Learn how this title used for Adam shapes the understanding of his status in the Islamic tradition.
Explore the concept of dualism, particularly in its repudiation within Islamic theology as discussed by Professor Palmer and al-Baiẓāwī. Understand the context of dualism in religious thought and its refutation in the Qur'an.
Explore the term 'Khāṣṣ,' its etymology, significance, and usage in Islamic scholarship, particularly in exegesis and theology. Understand how it contrasts with 'ʿĀmm' (general) and its implications in Islamic intellectual history.
An examination of the concept and evolution of logic ('mantiq') in Islamic intellectual traditions.
Explore the term 'ʿILMU ʾL-MŪSĪQĪ,' its historical development, cultural implications, and significance within the Islamic tradition. Learn about its role in Islamic intellectual history, notable scholars, and the theological perspectives on music.
Explore the concept of 'Kibr' in Islamic teachings, its implications as a vice in humans and a divine attribute when referring to God. Understand the roots, significance, and teachings related to 'Kibr' in Islamic theology and jurisprudence.
Explore the profound mystical tradition of Ṣūfīism within Islam, its doctrinal roots, philosophical implications, and cultural impact. Learn about key figures, practices, and literary contributions that have shaped Ṣūfī thought.
Mohammed Arkoun (1928-2010), a pioneering French-Algerian intellectual who utilized modern critical methodologies to critique traditional Islamic thought.
Inner, interior, inward, hidden aspect of Islamic thought, especially prevalent in Shii, Ismaili, and Sufi traditions.
A Persian philosopher, scientist, and polymath of the Islamic Golden Age, significant for his contributions to numerous scientific fields and for introducing Hindu philosophy to the Islamic world.
Explore the concept of Al-ʿUqūlu ʾl-ʿAsharah or the 'Ten Intelligences' in Islamic philosophy, its genesis, significance, and role in the cosmology proposed by Islamic philosophers.
