Explore the life and contributions of Ḥāt̤ib Ibn ʿAmr, an early convert to Islam and one of the most trusted companions of the Prophet Muhammad. Learn about his significance during the early Islamic period and his role in the conquest of Makkah.
Understand the historical and religious significance of the Hawāzin tribe in Arabia, their interaction with Prophet Muhammad, and their mention in the Qur'an.
Discover the multifaceted term 'Ḥijr (حجر),' its legal, historical, and Quranic implications. Understand its primitive and legal meanings, and its significance in Islamic history and geography.
Explore the significance of the Ḥilf al-Fuẓūl, a notable confederacy in pre-Islamic Arabia, its formation, principles, and impact on the young Prophet Muhammad.
Influential Companion and Wife of the Prophet Muhammad known for her intelligence and political acumen
Explore the significance and various classifications of horses in Islamic culture and history, as well as their revered status during the Prophet Muhammad's time.
Mystical Sufi order founded in fourteenth-century Iran, offering unique beliefs on divine revelation and numerical mysticism.
Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib: Third Shii Imam, Martyr of Karbala
Explore the term 'Huẕail,' its historical and cultural significance, its contributions to war and poetry, and its continued presence near Makkah.
Sudanese militant revivalist and reformer, proclaimed Mahdi in 1881, led a jihad and established an Islamic state in Sudan
Leader of a notable revolt against the Umayyad governor of Iraq and Persia, al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, during the early 8th century.
A prominent Islamic historian known for his works on military history, the Mongol invasion, and the Crusades.
North African traveler whose extensive journeys and observations provide invaluable insights into medieval Muslim communities and the spread of Islam from 1325 to 1354.
Prominent 8th-century Islamic historian and biographer of the Prophet Muhammad
Discover the life and contributions of Ibn Khallikān, a renowned Islamic biographer, judge, and scholar. Explore his seminal work, 'Wafayāt al-Aʿyān,' and its influence on Islamic historiography.
Explore the life and contributions of Ibn Mājah, the esteemed Islamic scholar and compiler of Kitābu ‘s-Sunan. Understand his significance in Islamic intellectual history and his widely recognized collection of Hadith.
Persian philosopher and historian who authored the first major Islamic work on philosophical ethics
Founder of the Tulunid dynasty in Egypt, responsible for administrative, agrarian, and cultural advancements.
An important early ruling family in North Africa that played a foundational role in the emergence of Morocco's independence and Islamic-Arab identity.
A term referring to various organizations, most notably the one founded in 1911–12 in Arabia by Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud, originally to settle Bedouins into agricultural communities and emphasize a strict interpretation of Islamic teachings.
A prominent province and its capital city in Iran, rich in historical and cultural significance.
History and influence of Islam in Egypt with significant movements and figures over the modern period.
An exploration of the Muslim presence and development in Ghana
An overview of Islam in Kyrgyzstan, including its demographics, history, and current socio-political influences.
The presence, history, and dynamics of Islam in Libya
An examination of the presence and evolution of Islam in Morocco, including historical, cultural, and political perspectives.
An exploration of the presence and influence of Islam in Niger, its historical development, current practices, and ongoing challenges.
The history and development of Islam in North Africa
Exploration of Islam in the context of Palestine and Israel, focusing on political, social, and religious dimensions.
Islamic faith practices permeate nearly the entire population of Somalia, with significant historical influences from various Sufi orders and persistent contemporary engagement in global and regional Islamic revivalist movements.
The history and development of Islam in Southeast Asia, focusing on its spread, cultural influence, and political role.
An overview of the development and current state of Islam in the Middle East.
A coalition of Islamic and right-of-center parties in Pakistan that emerged after General Zia-ul-Haq's death.
Explore the significance, etymology, and cultural impact of Ismāʿīl (Ishmael) in Islamic tradition. Learn how Ismāʿīl is portrayed in the Quran and other Islamic texts, and understand his role in Islamic and broader Abrahamic context.
Political and religious organization founded by Hafiz Dervis Vahdeti in 1909, known for its opposition to the Committee of Union and Progress and the 1909 insurrection in Istanbul.
Discover the life and contributions of Jābir (جابر), a notable companion of the Prophet Muḥammad who participated in numerous battles and lived to a great age. Learn about his historical context, his role in early Islamic history, and his lasting impact.
Jahangir (r. 1605–1627), the second great Mughal emperor, known for his cultural patronage and continuing his father Akbar's policies, with significant influence from his wife Nur Jahan.
Explore the historical and religious significance of the Jaiḥūn (جيحون) river, one of the rivers associated with the Garden of Eden. Understand its roots in Islamic tradition and its relevance in various contexts.
The elite slave infantry established in the fourteenth-century Ottoman Empire, originating from the Turkish term 'yeni cheri' meaning 'new troops'.
Explore the term 'Jordan,' its etymology, and its significance in Islamic context. Delve into the historical narratives connected to the River Jordan and its mention in the Qur'an.
Arabian tribal princess, daughter of the chief of the Khuzaa, captured during the raid on Banu Mustaliq and later married by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
One of the holiest cities in Shia Islam, renowned for the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali and his followers in 680 CE.
Understand the role and contributions of Kātibu ʾl-Wāqidī, the secretary of the renowned historian al-Wāqidī. Explore his significance in Islamic historiography and traditional literature.
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques in Islam, currently held by the king of Saudi Arabia, responsible for the upkeep of Mecca and Medina, and the protection of pilgrims.
Learn about Khaibar, its implications, and its usage in the Islamic context. Understand the historical significance of the Khaibar campaign, including the conquest led by the Prophet Muhammad.
King of Saudi Arabia from 1975 to 1982; known for events like the Grand Mosque seizure and Shii uprising
A prominent early Islamic military commander known as the 'Sword of God'
Explore the life of Khālid ibn al-Walīd, his transition from opposing Prophet Muhammad to becoming one of Islam's most significant military leaders. Understand his military exploits, contributions, and the controversies surrounding him.
Explore the K͟halīfate of Cordova in Spain, its establishment by ʿAbdu ʾr-Raḥmān ibn Muʿāwiyah, and its historical significance. Learn about the successive K͟halīfahs, the golden age of Islamic Spain, and the eventual fall of Granada, which marked the end of Muslim rule in Spain.
A historically significant town revered by both Muslims and Jews, located in the West Bank of the River Jordan.
An early sectarian group in Islam, known for their secession and opposition to both Sunni and Shia factions.
Al-Khazraj — One of two prominent clans in early seventh-century Medina, instrumental in early Islamic history.
A historic Khanate formed in the early sixteenth century that became a significant regional power in Central Asia.
Explore the multifaceted term 'Kinānah,' its tribal and historical context, and its relevance in early Islamic history. Understand the roles played by prominent figures named Kinānah, the connections with the Quraysh tribe, and the significant events related to the Jewish chief of Khaybar.
A major historic city in Iraq notable for its political, religious, and cultural significance in early Islamic history.
Discover the significance of Prophet Lūt̤ (لوط), his story in Islamic tradition, and how it compares to his Biblical counterpart, Lot. Learn about the lessons and morals Muslims derive from his life.
Senegalese religious leader and revivalist of the early 19th century known for his declaration of holy war and influence on West African Islamic movements.
Establishment of learning where the Islamic sciences are taught; a college for higher studies
Explore the historical and religious significance of Madyan, its origins, and its place in Islamic tradition, particularly in connection with Prophet Shu'aib.
The military campaigns of the Prophet Muhammad and early records of his life.
A ceremonial palanquin symbolizing the sovereigns' protective role over pilgrimage caravans to Mecca.
Understand the historical and cultural significance of the Maḥmal, a ceremonial covered litter sent from Cairo and Damascus to Makkah during the Hajj pilgrimage. Explore its origins, use, and the views surrounding it.
Explore the historical and spiritual significance of Makkah, the birthplace of Prophet Muhammad and the most sacred city in Islam. Learn about its geographical features, governance, and role in the Hajj pilgrimage.
Malfuzat refers to the written records of audiences and question-and-answer sessions with notable scholars or Sufis, providing historical context, teachings, and attitudes, often presented in chronological order and dated.
A regime controlled by slave soldiers that governed Egypt, Syria, southeastern Asia Minor, and western Arabia from 1250 to 1517, known for its military power and political influence in the central Muslim world.
Second Abbasid caliph who founded Baghdad and established a powerful state apparatus.
A significant battle in 1071 between the Seljuk Turks and the Byzantine Empire, resulting in a Seljuk victory that paved the way for Turkish expansion into Asia Minor.
Egyptian historian, scholar, and judge known for his comprehensive works on the history and topography of Cairo and Egypt.
Maryam the Copt (d. 637) was the slave concubine of Prophet Muhammad and the mother of his son Ibrahim. She was sent as a gift by Cyrus (al-Muqawqas), the last Byzantine governor of Alexandria.
Term referring to non-Arab Muslims and clients of Arab tribes during early Islamic periods.
Explore the term 'Maʾūdah,' its historical context, and its prohibition in Islam. Understand the pre-Islamic custom of burying female infants alive, and how Islam sought to abolish this practice.
Explore the historical, cultural, and religious importance of Medina (Al-Madinah) in Islam. Understand its role in the early Islamic period and its continued significance.
Ottoman sultan who conquered Constantinople and transformed it into Istanbul, renowned for establishing legal codes and religious communities (millets).
Ancient region located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, significant for its strategic and commercial importance, and its historical empires and cities.
Definition and historical context of the Mihna Inquisition instituted by Abbasid Caliph al-Mamun.
Millet refers to a self-governing religious community within the Ottoman Empire, primarily encompassing non-Muslim groups granted autonomy under their own civil and religious rules. The term later evolved to mean 'nation' in modern Turkish.
Sufi teacher and founder of the Khatmiyya Sufi order, influential in Nilotic Sudan in the 19th century.
The Mongols, a tribal people from the inner Asian steppe, who under the leadership of Genghis Khan and his successors, established a vast empire from Korea to Hungary in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.
The Moors were Berbers from Northwest Africa who conquered the Iberian Peninsula in 711 CE.
Explore the term 'Moors,' its origins, and historical impact in the context of Islamic conquests in Spain. Understand the cultural and geopolitical implications of the Moors in medieval European and Islamic history.
First Umayyad caliph and influential figure in early Islamic history, known for his opposition to Ali and his role in transitioning the Islamic caliphate into an imperial monarchy.
Macedonian Ottoman dynasty that ruled Egypt from 1805 to 1952, contributing to significant modernization efforts and later falling under British influence before being overthrown.
An influential figure in Ismaili Shii Islam, notable as the seventh imam and marked with a significant messianic role.
Explore the lives of the Wives of Prophet Muhammad, known as al-azwāju ʾl-mut̤ahharāt (الازواج المطهرات). Understand their backgrounds, relationships with the Prophet, and their significance in Islamic history.
A comprehensive exploration of the children of Prophet Muḥammad according to Islamic sources, including their names, relationships, and significance in Islamic history.
Scholar and key figure in the Naqshbandi tariqah in Afghanistan, transitional president of Afghanistan in 1992.
A term referring to individuals engaged in jihad, often translated as 'warriors of God.'
Learn about the term 'Muqauqis,' its historical significance in Islamic context and the relationship between the Roman Viceroy of Egypt and Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
Seventh-century self-proclaimed prophet and contemporary of Muhammad.
Sufi teacher of the Khalwati order with significant influence on Islamic renewal movements, particularly in Africa.
Eighth Fatimid Ismaili imam/caliph in Egypt (r. 1036–94)
Explore the Muʿtazilah, an Islamic theological school founded by Wāṣil ibn ʿAt̤āʾ. Understand their core beliefs, historical impact, and sub-sects.
Founder of the Afsharid dynasty in Iran who attempted to reconcile Sunni and Shia sects but was ultimately assassinated.
A revered scholar and saint known for her piety, teaching, and miraculous powers, with a significant shrine in Cairo.
Explore the term 'NAWAʾIB,' its etymology, and its significance within Islamic legal context. Understand the rulings surrounding this concept in Sunni law and its implications.
Ruler of a region, principality, or city, often of noble standing and virtue, particularly prominent during the Mughal era in India.
Explore the figure of Nestor, or Naṣt̤ūr (نصطور), a Christian monk who bore witness to the Prophet Muḥammad. Understand its acceptance across different Islamic sects and delve into the traditional stories surrounding his interaction with the young Muḥammad.
Explore the character of Numrūd, his portrayal in Islamic texts and its historical and theological significance.
Historical and cultural figure: The influential Mughal empress and wife of Emperor Jahangir.
