Historical financial institution responsible for administration of taxes, royal treasury functions, and zakah distribution in Islamic governance.
Small shopkeeper/merchant sector of the traditional middle class of Iran involved in both economic and religious spheres, historically supporting anti-state movements.
Professional association akin to a union, encompassing various professions and crafts within Islamic society
Popular Iranian protest against the shah’s granting of a monopoly to the British in the sale and export of tobacco in 1891-92.
Explore the term 'Muḥtakir,' its implications and usage within the Islamic legal and ethical context. Understand why monopolizing essential commodities is considered unlawful in Islam.
Explore the concept of monopoly, known as 'Iḥtikār' in Arabic, within Islamic law. Understand the ethical considerations, prohibitions, and prophetic sayings related to monopolistic practices and hoarding of essential goods.
The Iqta system was a method of revenue collection and land assignment used during the Abbasid caliphate and subsequent Islamic states.
Explore the term 'Base Money,' its implications, and usage in Islamic jurisprudence. Understand the legal rulings regarding the exchange of pure and base dirhams as discussed in classical Islamic texts.
