Crusades

Alp Arslan, Adud al-Dawlah Abu al-Shuja
Second Seljuk Turkish sultan who united the region from Syria to Iran and was instrumental in the developments leading toward the Crusades.
Crusades: Historical Expeditions
The Crusades were military expeditions by Latin Christians primarily in the late twelfth and thirteenth centuries aiming to regain control of Christian Holy Lands from Muslim rule.
Hittin, Battle of
A pivotal battle in 1187 between the Muslim leader Saladin and the Crusaders, leading to the recovery of Jerusalem by Muslims.
Ibn al-Athir, Abu al-Hasan Ali Izz al-Din
A prominent Islamic historian known for his works on military history, the Mongol invasion, and the Crusades.
Salah al-Din
Commander of Muslim forces during the third phase of the Crusades and founder of the Ayyubid dynasty.

Dictionary of Islam

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