Al-Ma'mun was the Abbasid caliph who significantly encouraged the translation of scientific and philosophical texts into Arabic at the Bayt al-Hikmah, or House of Wisdom, in Baghdad, and supported the Mu'tazili school of thought.
Bayt al-Hikmah, also known as the House of Wisdom, was an influential institution of learning in Baghdad renowned for its significant contributions to the translation of Greek and Persian works into Arabic, particularly during the Abbasid Caliphate.
Harun al-Rashid (r. 786–809) was an Abbasid caliph known for his contributions to the Islamic Golden Age and for his depictions in The Thousand and One Nights.
Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great, King of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor, a historic figure noted for his role in establishing cultural and economic exchanges with the Abbasid Caliphate and opposing Muslim rule in Western Europe.
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