Yaumu ʾL-Ḥisāb (يوم الحساب)
Definition and Significance
Yaumu ʾL-Ḥisāb (يوم الحساب), commonly translated as the “Day of Reckoning” or “Day of Judgment,” is a pivotal concept in Islamic eschatology. It refers to the day when all human beings will be resurrected and judged by Allah for their deeds in the temporal world. This day is marked by divine justice, where individuals’ actions, both good and bad, will be assessed, leading to their eternal dwellings either in Paradise (Jannah) or Hell (Jahannam).
Etymology
The term Yaumu ʾL-Ḥisāb derives from Arabic:
- Yaum (يوم) meaning “day”
- al-Ḥisāb (الحساب) meaning “reckoning” or “accounting”
Qur’anic References
The concept of Yaumu ʾL-Ḥisāb is recurrent in the Qur’an. For example, in Sūrah Ghafir (40:28), it is stated:
<p>“And Moses said, Verily, I will take refuge in my Lord and your Lord from every one who is big with pride, and believes not on the Day of Reckoning.”</p>
This verse underscores the importance of faith in the Day of Reckoning and highlights the moral and spiritual consequences of pride and disbelief.
Theological Context
In Islamic theology, Yaumu ʾL-Ḥisāb is an integral part of the belief in Akhirah (the Hereafter). Muslims are encouraged to lead lives of righteousness, accountability, and piety, always mindful of the ultimate judgment they will face. The certainty of this day is meant to deter individuals from committing sins and to motivate them toward good deeds.
Cultural Practices
The belief in Yaumu ʾL-Ḥisāb influences various cultural and religious practices among Muslims, such as regular prayers (Salah), fasting (Sawm during Ramadan), giving to charity (Zakat), and performing good deeds. These acts are seen not just as religious obligations but as investments for the Afterlife.
Recommended Books for Further Study
For a more comprehensive understanding of Yaumu ʾL-Ḥisāb, consider exploring the following books:
- “The Hereafter (Akhirah) in Islam” by Muhammad al-Jibaly
- “The History of Al-Tabari Volume 1: General Introduction and From the Creation to the Flood” translated by Franz Rosenthal
- “Belief in the Last Day” in the “Islamic Creed Series” by Dr. Umar S. al-Ashqar
Takeaways
- Fundamental Belief: Yaumu ʾL-Ḥisāb is a core element of Islamic faith, emphasizing accountability and divine justice.
- Moral Conduct: Belief in the Day of Reckoning serves as a key motivator for ethical and religious behavior among Muslims.
- Widespread Influence: This belief permeates various aspects of daily life and religious duties for Muslims.
Conclusion
Yaumu ʾL-Ḥisāb, the Day of Reckoning, plays a central role in Islamic belief, emphasizing the weight of moral responsibility and the certainty of divine judgment. This concept not only shapes Muslim theology but also profoundly influences their daily actions and spiritual outlook.
By understanding Yaumu ʾL-Ḥisāb, one gains deeper insight into the Islamic worldview and the profound emphasis Islam places on accountability, justice, and the eternal consequences of our temporal actions.
