YAG͟HŪS̤ (يغوث)
Definition
YAG͟HŪS̤ (يغوث), mentioned in Qur’an, Surah 71:23 (Sūrah Nūh), refers to an idol that was worshipped by some pre-Islamic tribes. The idol’s name means “He Helps” in a literal sense, signifying a deity that followers believed could come to their aid in times of need.
Etymology and Transliteration
- Arabic: يغوث
- Transliteration: YAG͟HŪS̤
- Literal Meaning: He Helps
Historical and Cultural Context
YAG͟HŪS̤ is also mentioned as part of a group of idols worshipped by pre-Islamic tribes, alongside others such as Wadd, Suwāʿ, Yaʿūq, and Nasr. The idol represents one of several deities believed to be intermediaries to the divine or embodiments of spiritual power during the time of ignorance (Jāhiliyya) before the emergence of Islam.
Scholarly Interpretations
- Professor Palmer: Suggests that YAG͟HŪS̤ was depicted in the figure of a lion, representing strength and authority.
- Al-Baiẓāwī: Proposes that YAG͟HŪS̤ was initially a hero who lived between the days of Adam and Noah. Following his death, he was venerated and idolized, and statues were made in his honor.
Qur’anic Reference
The Qur’an mentions YAG͟HŪS̤ in the following verse:
<p>“And they have said, ‘Never leave your gods and never leave Wadd or Suwāʿ or YAG͟HŪS̤ and Yaʿūq and Nasr.’” (Qur’an 71:23)</p>
This verse criticizes the idolaters for their persisting attachment to these idols despite being warned by Prophet Nūh (Noah) to worship the one true God.
Books for Further Study
- “The Qur’an” by M.A.S. Abdel Haleem - A clear translation of the Qur’an for those seeking to understand the text and context of these verses.
- “The History of Muhammad”, translated by W.M. Watt and M.V. McDonald - Offers a thorough historical context of pre-Islamic Arabia.
- “Pre-Islamic Arabian Idolatry” by Professor G.R. Smith - Explores the practice of idol worship and the deities venerated in Arabia before Islam.
Takeaways
- YAG͟HŪS̤ was a significant figure in the pantheon of pre-Islamic deities worshipped by Arabian tribes.
- The transition from a historical hero to a deity signifies how cultural and social memories often intertwine with religious practices.
- The Qur’anic verse serves to highlight the persistence of idolatry among early people and the challenges faced by prophets in advocating monotheism.
Conclusion
The study of YAG͟HŪS̤ provides valuable insights into the transition from hero worship to idolatry in pre-Islamic Arabia. It exemplifies key themes in Islamic teachings about the need to abandon idol worship and turn towards monotheistic belief.
For a deeper understanding, explore the recommended literature and Qur’anic exegesis that delve into the historic and spiritual implications of such practices.
