Veils in Islamic Dress
Definition
A veil in the context of Islamic dress refers to a piece of cloth worn by some Muslim women as a part of hijab, a broader concept of modest dress. It is designed to cover parts of the body and sometimes the face, primarily as an expression of modesty and faith.
Etymology
The word “veil” is derived from the Old French “keil” meaning a “head covering,” from Latin “vela,” plural of “velum” meaning “sail, curtain, covering”. In Arabic, the term ḥijāb (حِجَاب) can mean “cover” or “screen”. In Turkish, it is referred to as başörtüsü.
Types of Veils in Islamic Context
-
Hijab (حِجَاب): A general term that refers to modest dressing in Islam but commonly refers to the headscarf that covers the hair and neck but leaves the face clear.
-
Niqab (نِقاب): A type of veil that includes a headscarf and additionally covers the face, leaving only the eyes visible.
-
Burqa (بُرقع): A full-body covering that includes a mesh screen to cover the eyes.
-
Chador (چادر): A full-body-length cloak worn by many Iranian women, usually without a face veil.
-
Khimar (خِمار): A cape-like veil that covers the hair, neck, and shoulder, often extending up to the waist.
Theological Background
The veil has its roots in Islamic scripture and tradition. Verses from the Quran such as Surah An-Nur (24:31) and Surah Al-Ahzab (33:59) have been interpreted to prescribe modest dressing, which includes covering certain parts of the body for women. Additionally, the Hadith literature also discusses the practice of veiling.
Cultural and Historical Context
The practice of veiling has varied significantly across different Muslim societies and historical periods. In some cultures, veiling is seen strictly in a religious context, while in others it is part of the cultural and social fabric. Historically, veiling pre-dates Islam and has been practiced in various societies for reasons such as status, modesty, and protection from the environment.
Legal and Ethical Considerations
Islamic law (Sharia) has diverse interpretations regarding the veil. While some Islamic scholars mandate it as obligatory for women, others consider it recommended but not obligatory. Legal opinions also vary by school of thought, with the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafii, and Hanbali schools offering different guidelines.
Veils in Modern Context
In contemporary times, the practice of veiling continues to evoke diverse opinions within Muslim communities and beyond. In some countries, veiling is legally mandated, while in others it is banned in certain public spaces. The veil, therefore, intersect with debates on freedom of expression, women’s rights, and secularism.
Recommended Books for Further Studies
- “Muslim Women in America: The Challenge of Islamic Identity Today” by Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, Jane I. Smith
- “Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate” by Leila Ahmed
- “The Veil and the Male Elite: A Feminist Interpretation of Women’s Rights in Islam” by Fatima Mernissi
- “Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject” by Saba Mahmood
Takeaways
- Veiling is a complex and multifaceted practice with theological, cultural, and social dimensions.
- Variations in the form and practice of veiling reflect diverse interpretations and cultural influences.
- Modern debates on veiling are intertwined with broader discussions on women’s rights, freedom of expression, and identity.
Conclusion
Veiling in Islam is a multidimensional practice deeply rooted in religious texts, interpreted variously across cultures and periods. Understanding the historical and contemporary nuances of the veil helps in appreciating its role in the lives of Muslim women and in broader cultural contexts.
