Uwaysi Tariqah
Etymology
The term “Uwaysi” derives from the name of Shaykh Umar Uways al-Barawi, who founded this particular branch of the Qadiri tariqah. “Tariqah” (طَرِيقَة) means “path” or “way” in Arabic, referring to a Sufi order or spiritual path.
Arabic and Turkish Translations
Arabic: الطريقة العويسية
Turkish: Uveysî Tarikatı
Overview
The Uwaysi Tariqah is a branch of the Qadiri tariqah, established by Shaykh Umar Uways al-Barawi in East Africa. Notably active in Somalia and headquartered in Zanzibar, this Sufi order is known for its extensive missionary activities across Tanzania, Kenya, and eastern Congo.
Historical Context
During the early colonial era, the Uwaysi Tariqah played a significant role in uniting various Muslim communities in southern Tanganyika. Its ability to transcend tribal loyalties helped mobilize and lead a resistance against German colonial forces. Shaykh Uways al-Barawi, a pivotal figure in the tariqah’s history, was assassinated in 1909.
Key Characteristics
- Revivalism: The Uwaysi Tariqah is known for its revivalist approach, emphasizing a return to foundational Sufi practices.
- Tolerance of Popular Practices: The tariqah permits the visitation of saints’ tombs and requests for intercession from deceased holy individuals. This inclusive approach brought the order into conflict with the more fundamentalist Salihi tariqah.
Influence and Conflicts
The tariqah’s acceptance of popular Sufi practices, such as visiting saints’ tombs, was a point of contention with more fundamentalist groups like the Salihi tariqah, which opposed these practices.
Suggested Further Readings
- “Mystics of Islam” by Reynold A. Nicholson - This book provides an introduction to Sufism and its various orders.
- “Islam in Africa: Its Heritage and Legacy” by Nehemia Levtzion and Randall L. Pouwels – An comprehensive overview of Islam’s impact and development in Africa.
- “The History of Islamic Reform in East Africa” by Aziz Abdul Majid – A deeper look into the movements and figures that shaped Islamic reform if East Africa.
Takeaways
- The Uwaysi Tariqah is a significant Sufi order in East Africa with a strong focus on revivalism and tolerance for popular Sufi practices.
- Its missionary activities and ability to overcome tribal divisions made it a unifying force against colonial oppression in the early 20th century.
- The tariqah maintains an inclusive approach, advocating practices that some other Sufi groups may reject, which adds to the diversity within Islamic traditions in the region.
Conclusion
The Uwaysi Tariqah represents an essential chapter in the history of Sufism in Africa, illustrating the dynamic interplay between religion, politics, and culture. Its role in resisting colonial powers and promoting spiritual practices highlights its enduring influence and commitment to preserving Islamic traditions.
For anyone interested in the complexities and richness of Sufi practices and their socio-political impacts, studying the Uwaysi Tariqah provides invaluable insights.
