TUBBAʿ (تبع)
TUBBAʿ (تبع) refers to a tribe of Ḥimyarite Arabs, known for their successive kings who were also called Tubbaʿ, meaning “Successors.” The tribe holds historical and religious significance, being mentioned in the Qur’an.
Etymology and Translations
- Etymology: The term “Tubbaʿ” (تبع) originates from the Arabic root “ت ب ع” which means “to follow” or “to succeed."
- Arabic: تبع (Tubbaʿ)
- Turkish: Tubba
Qur’anic Mention
The tribe of Tubbaʿ is cited in the Qur’an, specifically in Sūrah ad-Dukhān (44:37):
<p>“Are they better than the people of Tubbaʿ and those before them? Verily, they were sinners, and We destroyed them.”</p>
This verse serves as a reminder of the fate of previous nations who sinned and were destroyed, emphasizing the importance of righteousness and obedience to Allah.
Historical Context
The Tubbaʿ kings were prominent rulers of the Himyarite Kingdom in present-day Yemen. They are noted for their achievements and expansions during their reigns:
- The Himyarites were influential in the Arabian Peninsula, known for their trade routes and cultural exchanges.
- The rulers adopted the title “Tubbaʿ” to signify their role as successors to the throne.
- Their civilization played a considerable role in the pre-Islamic history of Arabia.
Books for Further Studies
For readers interested in delving deeper into the history and significance of the Tubbaʿ tribe and their references in Islamic texts, the following books are recommended:
- “The Himyarite Kingdom and its Role in the History of the Arabian Peninsula” by M.A. Sa’d - This book provides an in-depth analysis of the Himyarite Kingdom’s rise and fall.
- “Stories of the Prophets” by Ibn Kathir - Offers insights into the historical and religious context of various Quranic figures, including the people of Tubbaʿ.
- “The History of al-Tabari: The Kingdoms of South Arabia” by Al-Tabari - A historical account that delves into different South Arabian tribes, including the Himyarites.
Takeaways
- Tubbaʿ as a title reflects the succession of Himyarite kings.
- Qur’anic significance serves as a lesson on the consequences of straying from righteousness.
- Historical legacy of the Himyarite Kingdom highlights their influence in pre-Islamic Arabian history.
Conclusion
The tribe of Tubbaʿ holds considerable significance both historically and religiously. Their reference in the Qur’an underscores the moral teachings pivotal in Islam, and their historical legacy offers valuable insights into the rich tapestry of pre-Islamic Arabian civilizations. Understanding their role contributes to a broader comprehension of Islamic history and its early cultural contexts.
