Luqt̤ah (TROVES) in Islam
Definition
Luqt̤ah (لقطة) refers to any item or property that a person finds abandoned or unattended on the ground. The finder’s responsibility is to take the item with the intention of preserving it as a form of trust. Luqt̤ah plays an essential role in Islamic jurisprudence, reflecting the moral and ethical obligations towards found property within the Islamic community.
Etymology
The term luqt̤ah (لقطة) is derived from the Arabic root word ل ق ط, which means “to pick up” or “to collect.” This etymology underscores the act of finding and taking custody of lost property in the aim to safeguard it until its rightful owner can be located or claimed.
Arabic Translation
- Arabic: لقطة (luqt̤ah)
- Turkish: Buluntu mal
Legal Rulings on Luqt̤ah
Islamic jurisprudence, particularly within Hanafi, Shafi’i, Maliki, and Hanbali schools, outlines specific guidelines on handling luqt̤ah. The process is designed to ensure ethical stewardship and responsibility in dealing with found property:
- Value Determination: If the found item is valued under ten dirhams (a unit of currency historically used in Islamic jurisdictions), the finder must advertise the item for some days or as long as deemed expedient.
- Long-term Advertisement: For items valued over ten dirhams, there is an obligation to advertise the found property for a full year. This extended period allows a substantial duration for the rightful owner to come forward and claim their property.
Scholarly Reference
The guidelines for handling luqt̤ah can be found in classic Islamic legal texts, one of the primary references being:
- Hamilton’s Hidāyah, vol. ii., p. 266
Books for Further Studies
For those interested in a more in-depth exploration of Islamic law and the concept of luqt̤ah, the following books are recommended:
- “Al-Hidayah: The Guidance” by Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani - This classical text offers comprehensive coverage of Hanafi jurisprudence, including detailed discussions on luqt̤ah.
- “Reliance of the Traveller” by Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri - An authoritative manual on Shafi’i jurisprudence, providing insights into various aspects of Islamic law.
- “Muwatta Malik” by Malik ibn Anas - A pivotal source on Maliki jurisprudence and ethical principles related to lost and found property.
- “The Fiqh of Al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal” by Abdullah bin Ibrahim bin Sa’ad - Covers Hanbali jurisprudence, including the treatment of luqt̤ah.
Takeaways
- Luqt̤ah (لقطة) emphasizes the ethical responsibility and stewardship in handling found property.
- Islamic jurisprudence provides a structured approach to ensure found items are safeguarded and publicly advertised for a specified period.
- The value of the item determines the length of the advertising obligation to ensure the rightful owner can reclaim their property.
Conclusion
Understanding the concept of luqt̤ah (لقطة) in Islam illustrates the deep moral and ethical teachings embedded within Islamic legal tradition. Observing these guidelines reflects sincerity, integrity, and trust within the community. By adhering to these principles, Muslims fulfill their duty towards fairness and respect for others’ property rights, reinforcing the communal bonds and ethical standards that form the bedrock of Islamic society.
