Tashahhud (تشهد)
Etymology and Translation
- Etymology: The word “Tashahhud” (تشهد) derives from the Arabic root “ش-هـ-د” (sh-h-d), meaning “to bear witness” or “to testify.”
- Arabic Translation: تشهد
- Turkish Translation: Teşehhüd
Definition
Tashahhud (تشهد), literally meaning “Testimony,” is a declaration of the Muslim faith recited during the Salah (Islamic prayers). This declaration occurs after the Taḥīyah, where the worshipper attests to the Oneness of God and the prophethood of Muḥammad.
Significance in Islam
The Tashahhud is an integral part of the Salah, specifically recited while sitting (Qa’dah Tashahhud). It comprises the following testimony:
<p>“أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأشهد أن محمدًا رسول الله”</p>
Transliteration: Ash’hadu alla ilaha illa Allah, wa ash’hadu anna Muhammadan Rasul Allah.
Translation: “I testify that there is no deity but God, and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of God.”
Usage in Daily Prayers
During each Salah, Muslims recite the Tashahhud in the sitting posture after completing two or four units (Rak’ahs) of prayer. The specific manner involves extending the right hand and raising the index finger to underscore this testimony.
Role as Expression of Faith
The Tashahhud is also recited as an expression of faith when one converts to Islam, reinforcing their commitment to Tawhid (the oneness of God) and the prophethood of Muhammad.
Recommended Books for Further Studies
- “Fiqh-us-Sunnah: Purification and Prayer” by Sayyid Sabiq
- “A Brief Illustrated Guide to Understanding Islam” by I. A. Ibrahim
- “Islam: Faith, Practice & History” by Sayyid M. Rizvi
Takeaways
- The Tashahhud is a key component of Islamic worship, essential in the daily prayers of Muslims.
- It encapsulates the central tenets of Islam: the Oneness of God and the acceptance of Muhammad as His messenger.
- Its recitation reinforces a Muslim’s belief and commitment to these core principles.
Conclusion
Understanding the Tashahhud is fundamental to comprehending Islamic worship and belief. Its recitation during daily prayers serves not only as a ritualistic practice but as a reaffirmation of a Muslim’s faith.
By delving into its significance and proper usage, one gains deeper insight into its role within the broader scope of Islamic devotion and spirituality.
