Tasbīḥ (تسبيح)
Definition and Usage
Tasbīḥ (تسبيح) is an Arabic term that encompasses two primary meanings in the Islamic tradition:
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Ejaculation of Praise: Tasbīḥ involves the repetitive utterance of the phrase “Subḥāna ʾllāh!” (سبحان الله), meaning “I extol the holiness of God!” or simply “Holy God!”. This form of glorification and praise is highly meritorious in Islamic beliefs. The Prophet Muhammad is narrated to have said that reciting “Subḥāna ʾllāh” one hundred times in the morning and evening can atone for a person’s sins, no matter how numerous or grave they are (Mishkāt, book x, ch. ii).
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Rosary: The term Tasbīḥ also refers to a physical rosary used by Muslims to keep track of the number of recitations of various prayers, particularly the utterance of “Subḥāna ʾllāh”. The rosary typically consists of 99 beads, representing the 99 names of Allah or sometimes 33 beads, recited in multiples of three to total 99.
Etymology
The word “Tasbīḥ” (تسبيح) originates from the Arabic root word “S-B-Ḥ” (س-ب-ح), which means to glorify or extol. The derivative “tasbīḥ” literally translates to the act of glorifying God. In Turkish, the term “tespih” is used, which similarly refers to the act of glorification or the prayer beads used.
Arabic and Turkish Translations
- Arabic: تسبيح (Tasbīḥ)
- Turkish: Tespih
Cultural and Religious Significance
Tasbīḥ is not only a devotional act but also a significant part of a Muslim’s daily life. It represents a constant state of remembrance (Zikr) of Allah’s presence and greatness. The use of rosaries aids in maintaining focus and achieving spiritual benefits by ensuring a systematic approach to the recitations.
Zikr and Tasbīḥ
Zikr (ذكر) is the broader practice of remembering and mentioning Allah’s names and attributes. Tasbīḥ, therefore, is a specific form of Zikr. The Prophet Muhammad often emphasized the importance of Zikr, stating that the hearts find rest in remembering Allah (Qur’an 13:28).
Books for Further Studies
- “The Book of Remembrances (Kitab al-Adhkar)” by Imam Al-Nawawi
- “Fortress of the Muslim: Invocations from the Qur’an and Sunnah” by Sa’id bin Ali bin Wahf Al-Qahtani
- “Al-Hisnul Hasin: The Strong Fortress” by Ibn Al-Jazari
Takeaways and Conclusion
- Tasbīḥ is both an action (uttering praises to Allah) and an object (a rosary used for counting recitations).
- The practice of Tasbīḥ is highly valued in Islam for its spiritual benefits and as a means of atoning for sins.
- Understanding Tasbīḥ enriches one’s grasp of Islamic devotional practices and highlights the importance of regular engagement in Zikr.
In conclusion, incorporating Tasbīḥ into one’s daily rituals nurtures a profound sense of spirituality and connection with the Divine, making it a fundamental aspect of Islamic worship.
