Sukr (Arabic: سُكْر, Turkish: Sekr)
Definition:
Sukr refers to a mystical or spiritual state of intoxication due to an overwhelming experience of divine love. This phase is marked by ecstasy and a temporary loss of rational discernment and self-control. Although highly praised in Sufi poetry and mystical expressions, sukr is generally considered a transitional stage that should eventually be surpassed by a state of sober wisdom (sahu) and adherence to the religious law or Shariah.
Etymology
“Sukr” comes from the Arabic root س-ك-ر (s-k-r), which translates to “intoxication” or “drunkenness”.
Significance in Sufism
In the context of Sufi mysticism, sukr represents an intense, often emotionally overwhelming love for the Divine. This state is frequently detailed in Sufi poetry and literature, showcasing the profound experiential connections between the individual and the Divine.
Sober Wisdom (Sahu)
Sahu (Arabic: صَحْو, Turkish: Sehazur) is considered the complement and subsequent state to sukr. While sukr may be a result of an extraordinary divine encounter, sahu is characterized by a return to normal consciousness, moderated by wisdom and full adherence to the principles of Shariah. Sufi masters often emphasize the importance of balancing sukr with sahu to avoid neglecting the obligations and responsibilities of everyday life.
Cultural Context and Literary Importance
The themes of sukr and sahu are pervasive in Sufi poetry and texts, often symbolizing the spiritual journey of a seeker. Notable poets such as Rumi and Hafez have extensively examined these states, highlighting their significance and the need to transcend merely emotional experiences in favor of spiritual maturity.
Books for Further Reading
- The Sufi Path of Love: The Spiritual Teachings of Rumi by William C. Chittick
- Sufism: The Mystical Doctrines and Methods of Islam by A. J. Arberry
- The Essential Rumi translated by Coleman Barks
- Mystical Dimensions of Islam by Annemarie Schimmel
Takeaways
- Sukr represents a transitional mystical state in Sufism characterized by divine intoxication and emotional ecstasy.
- It is traditionally seen as a phase to be surpassed by achieving Sahu, or stable, sober wisdom aligned with Shariah.
- The interplay of sukr and sahu emphasizes the importance of both experiential and disciplined aspects of spiritual development in Islam.
- Understanding these concepts provides deeper insights into the rich spiritual and poetic traditions of Sufism.
Conclusion
Sukr plays a significant role in Sufi Islamic mysticism, representing the profound state of divine engagement that can lead to spiritual milestones when accompanied by subsequent sober wisdom. Though highlighted with admiration in Sufi literature, the ideal journey involves balancing sukr with sahu to anchor one’s spiritual experiences in reality and law.
By studying these concepts further through classical texts and contemporary analysis, one can appreciate the nuanced perspectives on divine love, spirituality, and enlightenment within the rich tapestry of Islamic thought and practice.
