Introduction
The Six Foundations of Faith in Islam, known as Al-Īmān (الايمان), constitute the core articles of belief that every Muslim must hold. Often referred to as Ṣifātu ʾl-Īmān (Attributes of Faith) or Arkānu ʾl-Īmān (Pillars of Faith), these elements outline the fundamental theological framework of Islamic faith.
Etymology
- Al-Īmān (الايمان): The term “Īmān” translates to “faith” or “belief” in Arabic.
- Ṣifātu ʾl-Īmān (صفات الإيمان): This means “Attributes of Faith.”
- Arkānu ʾl-Īmān (أركان الإيمان): This signifies “Pillars of Faith.”
The Six Foundations of Faith
1. Allāh (الله) - God
Belief in the existence and oneness of Allah is the bedrock of Islamic faith. Muslims believe in a single, omnipotent, and compassionate God who is the creator and sustainer of the universe.
2. Al-Malāʾikah (الملائكة) - The Angels
Angels are spiritual beings created by Allah. Muslims believe that angels carry out the will of God, serve as messengers, and execute divine orders.
3. Al-Kutub (الكتب) - The Books of the Prophets
This article of faith pertains to the belief in all the divinely revealed books, including the Tawrat (Torah), Zabur (Psalms), Injil (Gospel), and the Qur’an, which is considered the final and complete revelation.
4. Ar-Rusul (الرسل) - The Prophets
Muslims believe in the numerous prophets sent by Allah to guide humanity. These include well-known figures such as Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad, among others. Muhammad is considered the last prophet in Islam.
5. Al-Yaumu ʾl-Āk͟hir (اليوم الآخر) - The Last Day
This belief emphasizes the Day of Judgment when all individuals will be resurrected and held accountable for their deeds. It underlines the concept of afterlife and eternal justice.
6. Al-Qadar (القدر) - Divine Decree
Belief in divine predestination encompasses that everything occurring in the universe happens according to Allah’s will and understanding. This includes both good and adverse events.
Significance in Islamic Theology
The six articles of faith are foundational for a Muslim’s worldview and directly influence all aspects of their life, including legal rulings, daily practices, and ethical conducts. It represents the spiritual and moral compass guiding Muslims along the path to righteousness and salvation.
Further Readings
For deeper insights, consider the following books:
- “The Foundations of the Islamic Faith” by Abu’l-Qasim Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Qurtubi
- “Principles of Islamic Theology” by Anver Emon
- “The Faith and Practice of Al-Ghazali” by W.M. Watt
Takeaways
Understanding the Six Foundations of Faith (Al-Īmān) allows for a better grasp of the key principles that form the essence of Islam. These beliefs outline a Muslim’s duty towards God, fellow human beings, and oneself.
Conclusion
The Six Foundations of Faith set the cornerstone for Islamic belief, guiding a Muslim’s faith, practice, and behavior. Recognizing their importance helps in appreciating the depth and structure of the Islamic theological framework.
