Simnani, Ala al-Dawlah

Simnani, Ala al-Dawlah

Introduction

Ala al-Dawlah Simnani (d. 1336) was a distinguished Iranian mystic and philosopher, affiliated with the Kubrawi Sufi order. Known for his synthesis of rigorous adherence to the Quran and Islamic law with the mystical path, Simnani has significantly influenced Islamic mysticism and philosophy.

Etymology

• Arabic: علاء الدولة سمناني
• Turkish: Alaeddin Simnani

Overview

Simnani is celebrated for his methodical approach to Sufi meditations, framing them around experiences of light and color. An outspoken critic of Ibn al-Arabi’s monism, Simnani proposed a more Quran-centric mystical framework. He systematized the meditative practices within the Kubrawi Sufi order, leading to a rich tradition of spiritual exercises focusing on visions and spiritual illumination.

Mystic Path and Theology

Simnani argued that the Quran and Islamic law (Sharia) form the bedrock of the mystical journey. Eschewing purely speculative mysticism, he maintained that a life rooted in religious observance enabled a more profound and genuine mystical experience.

Critique of Monism

Simnani offered a critical perspective on the monistic ideas propagated by Ibn al-Arabi, which suggested a unity of being (Wahdat al-Wujud). He believed such interpretations could potentially dilute the distinct attributes of the Divine and the creation. Instead, Simnani emphasized a sober and balanced approach that retained the transcendence and immanence of God, as depicted in Islamic teachings.

Systematization of Kubrawi Meditations

The Kubrawi order, originated by Najm al-Din Kubra, places importance on spiritual visions and experiences of light. Simnani expanded this meditative practice, systematizing specific visualizations linked to spiritual states:

• Light Visions: Simnani taught that colors and lights seen during meditation held significant spiritual meanings and reflections of divine realities.
• Stages of Vision: He planned the progression of spiritual visions, which included white, yellow, green, red, and black lights, each representing a stage in approaching Divine vicinity.

Suggested Books for Further Studies

For those wishing to delve deeper into Simnani’s thought and contributions:

1. “The Shambhala Guide to Sufism” by Carl W. Ernst
2. “Three early Sufi texts on illumination” by Paula A. Sanders
3. “Straying Towards Maturity: Women and Social Policy in Bahrain” by Laury Silvers

Takeaways and Conclusion

Ala al-Dawlah Simnani’s contribution embodies a unique blend of meticulous adherence to Islamic orthodoxy and profound mystical insight. His thoughtful critique of contemporary monism and systematic approach to Sufi meditative practices underscore his legacy in the Islamic spiritual journey. By prioritizing the Quran and Sufism within an integrated framework, Simnani offered rich pathways for spiritual seekers.

Conclusion

Simnani exemplifies the interplay between legalistic adherence and mysticism within Islam, bridging fundamental Islamic teachings with profound mystical experiences, earning his esteemed position in Islamic intellectual and spiritual history.