Sidratu ʾl-Muntahā (سدرة المنتهى)
Definition
Sidratul Muntahā (سدرة المنتهى), literally meaning “The Lote-tree of the Extremity,” is a metaphysical and eschatological symbol in Islam that marks the highest boundary in the seventh heaven. It is described in Islamic texts as an exquisite and significant tree, whose fruit resembles water-pots and leaves resemble elephant ears.
Etymology
- Arabic: Sidrat (سدرة) meaning “Lote-tree” and al-Muntahā (المنتهى) which translates to “the utmost boundary.”
Description and Qur’anic References
The Sidratul Muntahā is mentioned twice in the Qur’an, specifically in Surah An-Najm (53:8-18):
<p>“Then he drew near, and came close,<br> Till he was at a distance of two bows-length or (even) nearer;<br> And He revealed to His Servant what He revealed.<br> The heart in no way falsified that which he saw.<br> Will ye then dispute with him concerning what he saw?<br> For indeed he saw him at a second descent,<br> Near the Lote-tree beyond which none may pass:<br> Near it is the Garden of Abode.<br> Behold, the Lote-tree was shrouded (in mystery unspeakable!)<br> (His) sight never swerved, nor did it go wrong!<br> For truly did he see, of the Signs of his Lord, the Greatest!”</p>
This particular tree is rooted in the sixth heaven and reaches into the seventh heaven, serving as a pivotal point during the miraculous night journey (Isra and Mi’raj) of Prophet Muhammad.
Botanical Identification
The Sidrat, also known as Zizyphus jujuba or Jujube Tree, is identified as the prickly plum. This tree’s leaves are used in Indian subcontinent traditions for washing the deceased due to its regarded sacredness.
Cultural and Religious Significance
In Islamic eschatology, Sidratul Muntahā symbolizes the transition between the material and spiritual realms, suggesting the limits of human knowledge and the vastness of divine mysteries. It is a thematic symbol in various Hadiths that emphasize contemplation, devotion, and the metaphysical journey toward divine consciousness.
Books for Further Study
- “Tafsir ibn Kathir” – Commentary by Ibn Kathir on the Qur’an, provides detailed explanations of the verses.
- “The History of al-Tabari” – A comprehensive historical account including the narratives of the Isra and Mi’raj.
- “The Sealed Nectar” – Biography of Prophet Muhammad that outlines significant events including the Night Journey.
Key Takeaways
- Sidratul Muntahā is a profound symbol marking the transition and ultimate boundary in the celestial heavens.
- It has been referenced in the Qur’an and Hadith, underlining its religious importance.
- The Jujube tree holds significant cultural reverence and is utilized in various Islamic rituals.
Conclusion
The Sidratul Muntahā is not merely a celestial object but a symbol of ultimate spiritual boundaries in Islamic theology. Its Qur’anic mention and the awe surrounding it emphasize the majesty and limits of human comprehension when faced with divine phenomena.
The Sidratul Muntahā’s significance in Islamic religious texts and rituals provides a profound understanding of the metaphysical journey and the limits of divine mystery. Understanding its etymology, scriptural references, and cultural importance contributes to a broader comprehension of Islamic eschatology and theology.
