Shroud in Islam: Definition, Etymology, and Practices
Definition
The term shroud in Islam is denoted by the Arabic word kafan (كَفَن). Shrouding the deceased, known as takfīn, is a significant ritual in Islamic burial customs. This term encompasses both the process and the cloth used to wrap the body of the deceased.
Etymology
- Arabic: كفن (kafan)
- Turkish: Kefen
Types of Shrouds
The standard shroud in Islamic tradition typically consists of three pieces of cloth for men:
- Izār: A piece of cloth covering from the waist to the feet.
- Ridāʾ: A cloth that extends from the shoulders to the feet.
- Lifāfah: A large sheet covering the entire body from head to toe and closed at the ends.
Hadith on Shrouding
Prophet Muhammad emphasized simplicity and preference for white cloths when it comes to shrouding. Several hadiths denote the importance of modesty and specific recommendations:
- “Do not be expensive in your shrouds, for they soon rot.”
- “Plain white is the best for the shrouds of your dead.”
A specific cloth termed ḥullah (a white, striped cloth used in Arabia) is noted as ideal.
Practices in Sunni and Shia Traditions
While the general principles of shrouding apply universally across Islamic sects, nuanced differences exist between Sunni and Shia practices:
- Sunni: Typically avoid using wooden coffins.
- Shia: Use of wooden coffins (called tābūt) is customary.
Exceptional Cases
- Martyrs: The bodies of martyrs are not shrouded traditionally. They are buried in the clothes they wore when they fell, as instructed by Prophet Muhammad during the Battle of Uhud.
Ritual Significance
Shrouding signifies cleanliness, dignity, and respect for the deceased. It encapsulates several theological and symbolic dimensions rooted deeply within Islamic thought:
- Respect and Dignity: Ensuring the dead are treated with utmost respect.
- Equality: Uniform shrouding eliminates differences of social standing in death.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “Death and Burial in Medieval Islam” by Taylor B. Anderson
- “Islamic Funeral Rites” by Suzanne L. Faris
- “Islamic Death Rites & the Subha” by Abdullah Yusuf Ali
Takeaways
- Shrouding (Kafan): An obligatory and revered part of Islamic burial rites, conducted with modesty and uniformity.
- Hadith Guidance: Emphasizes simplicity and the use of white cloth.
- Inter-Sect Practices: Variations exist but are grounded in broader Islamic teachings.
Conclusion
Shrouding in Islam, or kafan, is a deeply respected and obligatory ritual that underscores modesty, dignity, and equality in death. While there are minor variations among different Islamic sects, the essential principles guided by the sayings of Prophet Muhammad remain universally practiced.
For a deeper understanding, exploring the suggested readings will provide more comprehensive insights into this intricate and significant aspect of Islamic culture.
