Satanic Verses

Satanic Verses

Definition

The term “Satanic Verses” refers to a controversial episode in Islamic history where it is claimed that Satan interjected words into the revelation of the Qur’an, specifically in Surah an-Najm (Surah 53:19–20), acknowledging the pre-Islamic Arabian goddesses al-Lat, al-Uzza, and al-Manat. This incident was first coined by Sir William Muir in his “Life of Mahomet” (1858) and refers to reports recorded by Islamic historians like al-Tabari (d. 923). These verses were reportedly later abrogated as mentioned in the Qur’an (22:51-52). The term also became well-known due to the 1989 controversial novel, “The Satanic Verses,” by Salman Rushdie.

Etymology and Translations

• Etymology: The term “Satanic Verses” originates from the fusion of “Satanic,” pertaining to Satan, and “Verses,” referring to verses of the Qur’an.
• Arabic: الآيات الشيطانية (Al-Ayāt al-Shayṭānīyah)
• Turkish: Şeytani Ayetler

Historical Background

In early Islamic tradition, it is reported that, during the recitation of Surah an-Najm, Satan suggested verses that recognized the intercessory powers of the three chief deities of pre-Islamic Mecca—the goddesses al-Lat, al-Uzza, and al-Manat. Upon realizing the error, these so-called “Satanic Verses” were retracted. This episode is a point of scholarly debate and theological reflection within the Muslim community.

Relevant Quranic Verses

The incident is indirectly referenced in the Qur’an:

• Surah an-Najm (53:19-20): Mentions of the goddesses.
• Surah al-Hajj (22:51-52): Discusses how the Prophet is led to correct any false import sparked by temptations.

Modern Implications

The topic gained significant modern attention with the release of Salman Rushdie’s novel “The Satanic Verses” in 1989, which led to major controversies and debates regarding freedom of expression, blasphemy, and Islamic tradition.

Suggested Books for Further Studies

• “Life of Mahomet” by Sir William Muir
• “The History of al-Tabari” (Volume VI: Muhammad at Mecca) translated by translator W. Montgomery Watt and M.V. McDonald
• “The Satanic Verses” by Salman Rushdie
• “Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources” by Martin Lings

Takeaways

1. Contested Historical Incident: The incident remains a subject of scholarly debate, with differing views on its authenticity and implications.
2. Cultural Sensitivity: Awareness of the cultural and religious sensitivity surrounding the topic is important, especially in both scholarly and public discussions.
3. Literature and Controversy: The incident’s reach into modern literary works demonstrates its enduring influence and controversial nature.

Conclusion

The “Satanic Verses” refer to a moment of purported satanic interference in the recitation of the Qur’an, as documented in early Islamic history by scholars such as al-Tabari. With modern ramifications especially tied to Salman Rushdie’s novel, the topic interweaves themes of religious authenticity, literary expression, and theological debate.

This entry provides a comprehensive overview of the term “Satanic Verses,” its historical context, relevant translations, and literary implications, while also providing resources for further academic exploration.