Samaritan (As-Samiri)
Definition and Context in Islam
In Islamic theology and Qur’anic studies, the term “Samaritan” refers to a figure known in Arabic as “As-Samiri.” This character is mentioned specifically in relation to the story of the golden calf, an event that took place during the time of Prophet Musa (Moses).
Etymology
- Arabic: السامري (As-Samiri)
- Turkish: Samiriyeli
The term “As-Samiri” derives from the root word “Samaria,” indicating a connection to the region of Samaria in the historical land of Israel. Despite its geographical connotation, the term is used in the Qur’an to refer to an individual, not a tribe or group.
Qur’anic Mention
The story of As-Samiri is found in Surah Ta-Ha, verses 85-97. According to this account, As-Samiri led the Israelites astray by creating a golden calf during Musa’s temporary absence. He then convinced the people to worship this calf, which led to significant consequences upon Musa’s return.
Historical and Theological Significance
As-Samiri’s actions have been interpreted by scholars as a test of the Israelites’ faith in Allah. The incident serves as a moral and theological lesson on the dangers of idolatry and the importance of steadfast belief in divine guidance.
Comparisons with Biblical Narratives
In the Bible, a similar story is recounted wherein the Israelites worship a golden calf (Exodus 32). However, Islamic tradition identifies As-Samiri as a distinct character responsible for this act, whereas the Bible attributes the construction of the calf to Aaron.
Scholarly Interpretations
Scholars have explored various interpretations of As-Samiri’s motivations and background. Some see him as a symbol of deviation from monotheism, while others delve into the sociopolitical implications of the story in its historical context.
Textual Analysis
Islamic commentators and Qur’anic exegetes (Mufassirun) such as Ibn Kathir and Al-Tabari provide detailed analyses of As-Samiri’s actions, the symbolism of the golden calf, and the moral implications for the believers.
Recommended Books for Further Studies
- “Tafsir Ibn Kathir” by Ibn Kathir
- “The Qur’anic Commentaries” by Al-Tabari
- “Studies in Islamic Historiography” by Chase F. Robinson
- “Musa: Prophet of Monotheism” by A. Maalouf
Takeaways
- Moral Lesson: As-Samiri’s story emphasizes the significance of monotheism and the perils of idol worship.
- Theological Impact: It highlights the importance of following divine guidance as conveyed by the prophets.
- Historical Context: The narrative provides a deep look at the challenges faced by Bani Israel (Children of Israel) during their exodus.
Conclusion
The figure of As-Samiri in Islamic teachings underscores critical themes of faith, guidance, and idolatry. Through both historical and theological lenses, his story offers profound lessons not only relevant to his time but also applicable to contemporary understandings of devotion and moral integrity.
By examining the etymology, scriptural accounts, and scholarly interpretations, one gains a comprehensive view of As-Samiri’s role and its implications within the broader context of Islamic theology.
