SABT (سبت) - Definition, Etymology, and Significance
Definition
SABT (سبت), often translated as THE SABBATH, is a term that traditionally refers to the day of rest, which is significant in Judaism and, to a lesser extent, recognized in Islamic tradition. In Islamic context, it carries importance in discussions about the commandment given to the Jews to observe the Sabbath, as mentioned in the Qur’an.
Etymology
The word SABT (سبت) originates from the Hebrew word Shabbat (שַׁבָּת), meaning “cease, desist, or rest.” The term was incorporated into Arabic and Islamic theological discussions due to its presence in the Judeo-Christian tradition and its mention in the Qur’an.
- Arabic: سبت (SABT)
- Turkish: Cumartesi, which means Saturday, the day which follows Friday, the Islamic day of congregation prayer (Jumu’ah).
Qur’anic Context
In the Qur’an, Sabbat is mentioned in relation to the story of the Israelites who were commanded to observe it but who violated this commandment:
- Surah Al-Baqarah (2:65): “And you had already known about those who transgressed among you concerning the Sabbath, and We said to them, ‘Be apes, despised.’”
- Surah An-Nisa (4:47): “O you who were given the Scripture, believe in what We have sent down confirming that which is with you, before We obliterate faces and turn them toward their backs or curse them as We cursed the Sabbath-breakers. And ever is the decree of Allah accomplished.”
Islamic Cultural Significance
Observance
SABT is observed primarily within Judaism, but its discussion is significant in Islam for the historical and religious lessons it provides about divine commandments, obedience, and the consequences of disobedience.
Islamic Practices In Islam, the weekly day of congregational prayer is Jumu’ah (Friday), different from the Jewish Sabbath. Although Muslims do not observe SABT as a day of rest, its historical significance is recognized.
Comparison with Other Cultures
- Judaism: Observes Saturday (Sabbath) as a holy day for rest and worship, from sunset on Friday to sunset on Saturday.
- Christianity: Some denominations observe Sunday, considering it the Lord’s Day in commemoration of Jesus’ resurrection.
Books for Further Studies
- “The Sabbath” by Abraham Joshua Heschel - Provides insight into the Jewish observance of the Sabbath and its spiritual significance.
- “Jews, Christians, Muslims: A Comparative Introduction to Monotheistic Religions” by John Corrigan - Discusses the concept of the Sabbath and its observance in different monotheistic religions.
- “The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary” by Seyyed Hossein Nasr - Annotates verses related to the Sabbath within the Qur’anic context.
Takeaways and Conclusion
The term SABT (سبت), while fundamentally rooted in Jewish tradition, holds a notable place in Islamic discourse due to its mention in the Qur’an and its implications for understanding divine commandments and ethical conduct. Recognizing the Sabbath aids in appreciating the interconnectedness of the Abrahamic faiths and deepens the understanding of historical religious observances.
In conclusion, SABT serves as an insightful point for exploring Islamic theology, comparative religion, and the shared heritage of the Abrahamic traditions.
