An in-depth look at the twenty surahs revealed during the sixth and last period at al-Madina, including their themes, contexts, and key messages.
Muhammad Shibli Numani (d. 1914), founder of Urdu historiography and key figure in Islamic revival
Shahrastani, Abu al-Fath Muhammad ibn Abd al-Karim al- (d. 1153) was a scholar, philosopher, theologian, and historian of religions from the Iranian province of Khurasan.
Iranian Shii thinker and political activist, proponent of Islamic modernization and social justice.
A significant battle fought in 657 between the forces of Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib and the governor of Syria, Muawiyah, marking a crucial event in early Islamic history
A comprehensive overview of the practice and history of Islam in Senegal
Islamic faith practices permeate nearly the entire population of Somalia, with significant historical influences from various Sufi orders and persistent contemporary engagement in global and regional Islamic revivalist movements.
Overview of the history, demographics, and sociopolitical involvement of Islam in South Africa
An overview of the history, cultural impact, and current dynamics of Islam in South Asia, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka.
The history and development of Islam in Southeast Asia, focusing on its spread, cultural influence, and political role.
An overview of Islam's presence and influence in Sudan, encompassing its historical evolution, cultural integration, and political dynamics.
The sixth Shia Imam and founder of the Jafari school of Islamic law.
King of Saudi Arabia from 1975 to 1982; known for events like the Grand Mosque seizure and Shii uprising
Persian mystic poet and scholar famous for his mystical poem 'Golshan-i Raz'.
The chief architect of the Ottoman Empire known for his contributions to Ottoman architecture.
Syrian engineer and author of works on the Quran and Islamic jurisprudence known for his contemporary readings and radical reinterpretations.
Iranian cleric and leader of the Shii movement Harakat al-Mahrumin in Lebanon
Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas: Early convert to Islam, prominent Companion of Prophet Muhammad, and key military leader in early Islamic history.
Sa'di, Musharrif al-Din Muslih (d. ca. 1291), Persian mystic poet member of the Suhrawardi tariqah.
Explore the tribe and province of Sabaʾ as mentioned in the Qur'an. Understand the historical, cultural, and theological significance of Sabaʾ in Islamic and Biblical contexts.
Eleventh-century founder of a branch of Ismaili Shi'is known as the Nizaris or Assassins.
Explore the term 'Sabbath' (Sabt) as used in the Qur'an, its implications within Islamic context, and its historical and theological significance in relations to the Jewish tradition.
Islamic term referring to the way, road, or path, often used in the context of correct belief and behavior
Understand the term 'SABĪLU ʾLLĀH (سبيل الله),' its usage in Islamic context, especially in relation to religious warfare and meritorious deeds. Explore references from the Qur'an and its broader implications in the life of Muslims.
A ritual involving the slaughter of an animal as an act of devotion in Islamic tradition, observed during significant events like Hajj and Eid al-Adha.
Charity or alms given freely to those in need, distinct from the obligatory alms (Zakah) in Islam.
The title given to the chief minister in Safavid and Qajar Iran and in Ottoman Turkey.
Iraqi Shii intellectual, philosopher, political leader, and author whose works significantly influenced Islamic philosophy, economics, and constitutional law.
The ruling dynasty of Persia (Iran) from 1501 to 1722, known for establishing Twelver Shiism as the state religion and initiating a cultural renaissance.
First Abbasid caliph known for initiating the Abbasid Caliphate and brutally suppressing opponents
Compendium of Hadith, recognized as one of the six canonical collections in Sunni Islam, compiled by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
Sahnun (d. 855) Abu Said Abd al-Salam ibn Said ibn Habib al-Tanukhi, a distinguished Maliki scholar, and the compiler of Al-mudawwanah.
Stage of mystical or spiritual development characterized by careful observance of Shariah, manifestation of wisdom, and clarity of spiritual vision, contrasted with Sukr, spiritual 'intoxication.' In negative terms, refers to closure to spiritual influences.
Ottoman grand vizier and prominent Islamic reformer
Prominent Pakistani philanthropist, physician in traditional Yunani medicine, founder of educational institutions, and former governor of Sindh province.
An in-depth look into the term 'Saiḥūn,' its historical context, and significance in Islamic tradition. Understand the river's inclusion in both religious and cultural narratives.
A distinctive style of Arabic rhyming prose that blends rhyme, rhythm, and cadence, utilized notably in the Quran and later in the maqamah genre.
Learn about 'Sajdatu ʾs-Sahw,' its importance in Islamic prayer, and how it rectifies lapses or forgetfulness during Salah. Understand the basis from Hadith and responsibilities on performing these prostrations.
Etymology, significance, and usage of the term 'Salaam' in Islamic tradition.
A customary greeting among Muslims meaning 'Peace be upon you.'
A reform movement emphasizing a return to the pure form of Islamic doctrines, adherence to Quran and Sunnah, with a modernist intellectual basis.
Commander of Muslim forces during the third phase of the Crusades and founder of the Ayyubid dynasty.
Mandatory prayers performed by Muslims five times daily as the second pillar of Islam.
Midafternoon prayer, the third of the five obligatory daily prayers in Islam.
Noon prayer in Islam; the second of the five obligatory daily prayers (salat) containing four cycles (rakah)
Salat al-Isha: The fifth and final mandatory daily prayer in Islam, consisting of four cycles and performed after sunset.
The congregational Friday prayer in Islam, required primarily of Sunni men and under specific conditions for Shi'i men.
The prayer performed in times of danger or warfare, based on the Prophet Muhammad’s example during military battles.
The fourth of the five mandatory daily prayers in Islam, performed after sunset.
Recommended prayers performed in the month of Ramadan, indicating piety.
A branch of the Sanusi tariqah that emphasizes revivalist and reformist Islamic principles and has had a notable influence in East Africa.
Salman the Persian: Iranian Companion of the Prophet Muhammad, renowned for his contributions to Islamic history and legend.
Ancient town on the east bank of the Tigris River in Iraq, notable for being the capital of the Abbasid Empire between 836 and 892, and renowned for its architectural and artistic heritage.
Celebrated Egyptian Sufi and founder of the Sammani tariqah
Explore the concept of 'Sanad,' its definition, etymology, and importance in Islamic jurisprudence. Understand its various uses, including historical, legal, and scholarly contexts.
Explore the concept of 'Sanctuary' in Islamic tradition, the legal implications of seeking refuge in a mosque, and its historical contexts in Islamic and Biblical law.
Reformist Iranian theologian known for his radical notions of modernity and rejection of traditional Shii beliefs.
Prominent Egyptian jurist and legal scholar known for modernizing Islamic law
Revivalist Sufi order founded in 1841 by Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi, known for its resistance to colonialism and emphasis on learning, piety, and work ethic.
Algerian founder of the Sanusi Sufi tariqah and an influential Islamic reformist.
First king of independent Libya and central figure in Libyan nationalism and anti-imperial struggle.
Saracens - Term initially used by Romans for nomadic groups in Syria, later applied to Arabs, and then extended by medieval Christian writers to all Muslims.
Wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac; notable figure in Islamic tradition known for her piety and faithfulness.
Indonesia’s first mass political party with deep-rooted Islamic nationalist and socialist ideologies.
An exploration of the concept of theft known as 'Sariqah' in Islamic penal ordinances (hudud), including its classifications, punishments, and legal considerations.
Major historian and theorist of Sufism from Tus in northeastern Iran
The adversary or principle of evil in Islamic theology
Refers to an incident in Islamic tradition involving the interjection of words by Satan during the revelation of a particular Qur'anic verse.
Founder and first ruler of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, who established his rule based on Wahhabi doctrines.
King Faisal of Saudi Arabia, noted for transforming the nation into an oil power and promoting Islamic values.
Saul, known as Talut in Arabic, is depicted in Islamic tradition as the king anointed by prophet Samuel who led the Israelites to victory.
Explore the concept of 'S̤awāb' in Islamic tradition, understand its etymology, and its importance in the daily life of Muslims. Discover how actions are rewarded and the spiritual significance of S̤awāb.
Second wife of the Prophet Muhammad and an early Muslim who emigrated to Abyssinia
Hamdanid ruler of Aleppo, known for his patronage of scholars and resilience against Byzantine aggressions.
Honorific title used by those claiming descent from Muhammad, especially through his grandson Husayn.
Sayyid Shaykh ibn Ahmad al-Hadi (d. 1934) was a Hadhrami-descended reformist, writer, publisher, and educator in Malaya, known for promoting modern religious education and societal modernization among Malays.
A prominent Egyptian writer, editor, and political figure known for his contribution to Egyptian nationalism and legal reforms.
Refers to all systematic knowledge, both religious and secular within Islamic civilization.
A comprehensive examination of attitudes towards science within the Muslim world throughout history, focusing on the fluctuating perspectives ranging from embracement to cautious skepticism.
Explore the term 'Sea' (Baḥr) in Islamic context, its Quranic references, significance, and cultural implications. Learn about how seas are conceptualized in Islamic literature.
An in-depth look at the practice of seclusion to protect women from unrelated men, rooted in social and religious customs, and its evolution over time.
The concept of separating religion from state affairs, often viewed differently within Islamic contexts.
A Turkic family of Central Asian origin that ruled much of the eastern Islamic world from 1038 to 1194
Laws implemented in Sudan from 1983 to 1985 under Jafar al-Numayri aimed at instituting sharia as the law of the land, intended to unify the country, but ultimately leading to civil war.
A comprehensive overview of the Islamic perspective on sexuality, highlighting its ethical, legal, and cultural facets.
Explore the deep spiritual significance of Shab-i-Qadr, also known as Lailatu 'l-Qadr, within the Islamic tradition. Understand its place in the Islamic calendar, its rituals, and its profound impact on the lives of Muslims.
Lebanese Sunni political and religious activist, founder of Harakat al-Tawhid al-Islami, aligned with Syria and Iran
A concept of divine right kingship popularized by Muslim rulers claiming to be vicegerents of God on earth.
The concept of intercession in Islam, addressing its theological intricacies and variations in interpretation.
A school of Islamic jurisprudence founded by Imam Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i in the eighth century, known for its emphasis on hadith in formulating Islamic law.
Jurist, theologian, and founder of the Shafii school of Islamic law; key figure in the systematization of Islamic jurisprudence.
Egyptian scholar, teacher, journalist, and feminist activist known for her work in female literacy and political rights for women.
Explore the concept of Shaghār, its historical context, and why it is forbidden in Islam. Learn about its implications and current practices.
Title commonly used by the dynastic rulers of Iran and the Turko-Persian cultural area, connoting sacred kingship.
Major ruler of the Safavid dynasty in Iran, renowned for his military, administrative, and cultural achievements.
Founder of the Persian Safavid dynasty in 1501, proclaiming himself both a political and religious leader.
The Islamic declaration of faith and the first of the Five Pillars of Islam.
Prominent scholar-activist of Muslim South Asia (d. 1831). Follower of Sayyid Ahmad Barelwi and pivotal figure in reforming Sufism through the 'Way of Muhammad'.
Muslim leader and key figure in resistance to Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the nineteenth century.
Egyptian feminist leader known for her advocacy of women's rights and her involvement in the Egyptian independence movement.
