Ruqaiyah (رقية‎)

Ruqaiyah (رُقَيَّة‎)

Definition and Overview

Ruqaiyah (رُقَيَّة‎) is the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad by his first wife, Khadijah. Her life is noteworthy for her initial marriage to ‘Utbah, the son of Abu Lahab, which ended in divorce. Subsequently, Ruqaiyah married ‘Uthman ibn Affan, who later became the third Caliph (Khalīfah) in Islamic history.

Etymology

• Arabic: رُقَيَّة‎ (Ruqaiyah)
• Transliteration: Ruqaiyah
• Meaning: The name Ruqaiyah derives from the root “ر ق ي” (R-Q-Y) in Arabic, generally meaning “ascend” or “rise.”

Historical and Cultural Context

Ruqaiyah’s story provides insight into the family dynamics of Prophet Muhammad, early Islamic social structures, and the immediate circle of the Prophet.

1. Marriage to ‘Utbah:

   • Ruqaiyah was initially married to ‘Utbah, son of Abu Lahab. Although the marriage did not last, this alliance signifies the tribal connections preceding the revelation of Islam.
   • Divorce: Following the hostility from Abu Lahab towards Islam, ‘Utbah divorced Ruqaiyah, showcasing the early socio-political tensions faced by Muhammad’s family.

2. Marriage to ‘Uthman ibn Affan:

   • After her divorce, Ruqaiyah married ‘Uthman ibn Affan, who was one of the Prophet’s closest companions and the third Caliph of Islam.
   • This marriage reinforces the bonds within the early Muslim community, illustrating ‘Uthman’s loyalty and close connection to Muhammad.

Significance in Islamic History

Ruqaiyah’s experience sheds light on the status and roles of women in early Islam:

• Social Implications: The divorces and subsequent marriages highlight the fluctuating social hierarchies and the Prophet’s family’s resilience in the face of adversity.
• Role in Community: As the wife of ‘Uthman, Ruqaiyah played an essential role in supporting and promoting the early Islamic cause.

Related Figures

• Khadijah bint Khuwaylid: Her mother, the first wife of Prophet Muhammad and the first person to embrace Islam.
• Uthman ibn Affan: Her second husband and third Caliph, esteemed as one of the “Rashidun” (Rightly Guided) Caliphs.

Takeaways and Conclusion

Ruqaiyah’s life encapsulates the hardships and strength of the early Muslims, underscoring the personal sacrifices made by the Prophet’s family. Her story is a testament to resilience and unwavering faith amidst societal challenges.

Suggested Books for Further Study

• “The Life of the Prophet Muhammad (4 Volumes)” by Ibn Kathir: Comprehensive insights into the life of Prophet Muhammad and his family.
• “Companions of The Prophet” by Abdul Wahid Hamid: A detailed account of the companions, including those related to the prophet.

Final Thoughts

Understanding Ruqaiyah’s historical and cultural impact offers valuable perceptions about the pivotal roles women held during the nascent stages of Islam and their continuous influence on the tapestry of Islamic history.