Definition and Description
What is Rukūʿ?
Rukūʿ (Arabic: ركوع, Turkish: Rükû) is a fundamental posture in the Islamic ritual prayer (Ṣalāh). During Rukūʿ, the worshipper inclines his or her head and upper body forward, placing the palms of the hands on the knees. This posture is an act of bowing that signifies humility and submission to Allah.
The Role in Ṣalāh
Rukūʿ is performed during the standing segment of the Ṣalāh, known as Qiyām. Each unit (Rakʿah) of the prayer includes at least one Rukūʿ. After reciting verses from the Qur’an while standing, the worshipper transitions into Rukūʿ, glorifying Allah with specific praises like “Subhāna Rabbiyal-Aẓīm” (Glory is to my Lord, the Most Great).
Etymology
- Arabic: ركوع (Rukūʿ)
- Turkish: Rükû
The term Rukūʿ is derived from the Arabic root “ر-ك-ع” (R-K-ʿ), which means “to bend” or “to bow down.” This root emphasizes the act of physically lowering oneself, metaphorically signifying humility and reverence.
Components of Rukūʿ
Physical Posture
- Inclination of the Head and Trunk: The worshipper bends forward at the waist to a point where the back is nearly horizontal.
- Placement of Hands: The palms rest firmly on the knees, aiding the balance and stability of the posture.
Recitations
During Rukūʿ, Muslims recite the phrase:
- “Subhāna Rabbiyal-Aẓīm” (سبحان ربي العظيم), which translates to “Glory is to my Lord, the Most Great.”
Spiritual Significance
The act of Rukūʿ embodies several spiritual meanings:
- Humility: Bowing signifies the worshipper’s acknowledgment of their own insignificance in the presence of the Almighty.
- Submission: It reflects the total submission and surrender of the servant to the will of Allah.
- Remembrance: The recitations during Rukūʿ serve as a continuous reminder of God’s greatness and mercy, cultivating a sense of piety.
Ritual Context
Sequence in Prayer
Rukūʿ follows the Qiyām, and is succeeded by the Sajdah (prostration), another significant physical act of worship in the Ṣalāh. This sequence helps to create a rhythm of movements and recitations that enhance the spiritual experience of the prayer.
Further Reading
Suggested Books and Articles
- “Understanding Islamic Worship” by Yusuf al-Qaradawi
- “The Inner Dimensions of Islamic Worship” by Imam Al-Ghazali
- “The Book of Worship: Essentials of Islamic Faith and Practice” by Adil Salahi
- “Islamic Book of Prayer” by Muhammad al-Khayyat
Key Takeaways
- Rukūʿ is a critical component of the Islamic Ṣalāh.
- It represents humility, submission, and the glorification of Allah.
- Proper execution includes bowing with the hands on the knees and reciting specific praises.
- Understanding the significance of Rukūʿ can enhance the spiritual experience of prayers.
Conclusion
Rukūʿ (ركوع) is more than a mere physical act in the Islamic prayer; it is a deep expression of humility, submission, and reverence towards Allah. By understanding its complexities and practicing it properly, Muslims can attain a heightened sense of spirituality and connection to their Creator.
