Rozah (روزه) in Islam
Definition
Rozah (روزه) is the Persian term for the Arabic word Ṣaum (صَوْم), which translates to fasting. Fasting is a religious practice undertaken by Muslims primarily during the holy month of Ramadan (Ramazan in Turkish and Persian). It involves abstaining from food, drink, and other physical needs from dawn (Fajr) until sunset (Maghrib).
Etymology
- Arabic: صَوْم (Ṣaum)
- Persian: روزه (Rozah)
- Turkish: Oruç
The term “Rozah” comes from the Persian language and is used predominantly in Iranian and some Central Asian Islamic traditions. The Arabic term “Ṣaum” comes from the root verb “صام” which means “to abstain.”
Context and Practice
Significance in Islam
Fasting during the month of Ramadan is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, making it a fundamental act of worship and devotion. It is a communal act of faith that strengthens the sense of brotherhood and sisterhood within the Muslim Ummah (community).
Ramadan (Arabic: رمضان, Ramazan in Turkish and Persian)
- Duration: Ramadan lasts for 29-30 days, depending on the lunar calendar.
- Obligations: Muslims fast from dawn to sunset. This means no food, drink, smoking, or marital relations during these hours.
- Exceptions: Certain groups are exempt from fasting, including children, the elderly, pregnant or nursing women, travelers, and those who are ill.
- End of Ramadan: The fasting concludes with a festive day known as Eid al-Fitr, which is marked by communal prayers, feasting, and charity.
Rituals and Cultural Practices
- Iftar: The meal with which Muslims break their fast at sunset. It often starts with the consumption of dates and water, followed by larger family meals.
- Suhoor: A pre-dawn meal consumed before the fast begins.
- Taraweeh: Special nightly prayers performed during Ramadan, often involving the recitation of lengthy portions of the Qur’an.
Legal Rulings in Islamic Law (Fiqh)
Fasting is mandated in the Qur’an, explicitly mentioned in Surah Al-Baqarah (2:183), emphasizing the importance of fasting for attaining Taqwa (piety).
1O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous.
2—Surah Al-Baqarah (2:183)
Books for Further Study
- “Fasting in Islam and the Month of Ramadan: A Comprehensive Guide” by Ali Ünal
- “Sacred Presence: Understanding the Islamic Practice of Sawm” by Heena Khan
- “Ramadan and Eid Al-Fitr” by Dianne M. MacMillan
Takeaways and Conclusion
Rozah (روزه) is a significant cultural and religious practice in Islam symbolizing purity, self-discipline, and empathy for the less fortunate. The observance of fasting during Ramadan serves as a reminder of the spiritual and communal aspects of Islamic faith, reinforcing the bonds of the Ummah while facilitating personal spiritual growth.
Fasting is more than mere abstention from food and drink; it encompasses heightened devotion, prayer, and the embodyment of ethical conduct.
