Rifai Tariqah
Definition
The Rifai Tariqah, a Sunni Sufi order, has played a crucial role in the institutionalization of Sufism. Founded by Ahmad ibn Ali al-Rifai (d. 1182) and extending through the work of his disciples, this order was particularly widespread until the fifteenth century. Its influence has spanned various regions including Turkey, southeastern Europe, Egypt, Palestine, Syria, and Iraq, and has even reached the United States in more recent times.
Etymology
- Arabic: الطريقة الرفاعية (al-Tariqah al-Rifa’iyah)
- Turkish: Rifai Tarikatı
Historical Context
The Rifai Tariqah owes its establishment to Ahmad ibn Ali al-Rifai, whose disciples propagated the order beyond its origins in southern Iraq. This dissemination gave rise to new Sufi orders, the most notable being the Badawi, Dasuqi, and Alwani orders.
Geographical Spread and Influence
- Turkey: One prominent figure in Turkey was Kenan Rifai (d. 1950), a Rifai shaykh renowned for his teachings centered on universal love and his circle of highly cultured and educated individuals, including women and Christians.
- Southeastern Europe: The order has shown vibrant activity in regions such as Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, and the former Yugoslavia.
- United States: In the contemporary period, the Rifai Tariqah has established branches in the U.S., led by figures such as Shaykh Taner Vargonen in Northern California, Mehmet Catalkaya (Serif Baba) in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and New York City, among others.
Practices and Teachings
The Rifai order is noted for its diverse practices and teachings, making it challenging to create a singular, comprehensive portrayal. The order showcases a wide variety of spiritual exercises, community rituals, and theological instruction that reflect its rich history and adaptability across different cultures and eras.
Books for Further Studies
- “Sufism: The Formative Period” by Alexander Knysh.
- “Islamic Sufism Unbound” by Robert Rozehnal.
- “The Mystic Path to God: Sufism and Christianity” by Philotheus Boehner.
- “The Sufi Path of Knowledge” by William C. Chittick.
Takeaways
- The Rifai Tariqah has been a significant force in the spread and institutionalization of Sufism.
- Ahmad ibn Ali al-Rifai’s legacy continues through various branches and offshoots of the order.
- Despite its wide-reaching influence, the specific practices and teachings of the Rifai initiate diverse, localized expressions, deserving further academic study.
Conclusion
The Rifai Tariqah exemplifies the rich complexity and transformative impact of Sufi orders within Islam. By tracing the historical development and geographical spread of this order, one gains deeper insights into its enduring relevance and the dynamic nature of Sufism.
By referencing the above materials and exploring the Rifai Tariqah’s multifaceted nature, one can appreciate its critical role in shaping the spiritual and cultural landscapes of various Islamic communities around the world.
