RAJĪM (رجيم)
Definition
RAJĪM (رجيم) - commonly translated as “One who is stoned.” It is a specific appellation given to Satan (Shayṭān) in Islamic theology.
Etymology
The term “Rajīm” stems from the Arabic root “ر-ج-م” (r-j-m), which literally translates to “to stone” or “to pelt with stones.” In this context, “Rajīm” epitomizes the act of stoning, metaphorically referencing Satan’s punishment and rejection from divine grace.
Arabic: رجيم
Turkish: Recim edilen
Qur’anic Context
The appellation “Rajīm” appears in the Qur’ān, for example in Sūrah Āl-ʿImrān (Chapter 3, Verse 31):
<p>“I have called her Mary, and I seek refuge in Thee for her and for her seed from Satan, the pelted one (Min ash-Shait̤āni ‘r-Rajīmi).”</p>
This verse portrays a protective invocation praying for safeguard against Satan’s malevolent influences.
Theological Interpretations and Legends
Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam, elucidated that Satan and his acolytes attempt to eavesdrop at the gates of heaven, seeking to glean knowledge of future events. However, the angels thwart these efforts by pelting them with shooting stars, reinforcing Satan’s epithet as “Rajīm.”
A prominent legend involves Abraham, who is said to have rejected and driven Satan away by throwing stones at him. This act forms a basis for the Islamic ritual of stoning the pillars (Jamarat) at Minā during the annual Hajj pilgrimage. This ritual is known as “Ramy al-Jamarat,” symbolically enacting Abraham’s defiance against evil.
Rituals
Ramy al-Jamarat: This practice involves pilgrims throwing pebbles at three pillars in Mina, symbolizing defiance against evil, inspired by Abraham’s experience with Satan.
Further Studies
For those interested in further exploring the concept of “Rajīm” and its significance in Islam, the following books are recommended:
- The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary by Seyyed Hossein Nasr - offers a detailed exegesis of Qur’anic passages including mentions of Satan as Rajīm.
- Angels and Demons in Islam by Michael E. Marmura - provides a comprehensive look into theological perspectives on spiritual beings, including the role and nature of Satan.
- The Islamic Satan: Islam in Bahá’í Politics by Moojan Momen - delves into the depiction of Satan in Islamic theology.
Takeaways
- Rajīm denotes “one who is stoned” and is a title for Satan in Islamic texts.
- The term embodies rejection and punishment symbolized through stoning.
- Mentioned in the Qur’an and supported by prophetic traditions, Rajīm underscores Satan’s unwelcomeness in the divine realm.
- The stoning ritual at Mina during Hajj symbolizes the rejection of evil, acknowledging Abraham’s historic defiance against Satan.
Conclusion
The concept of “Rajīm” in Islam highlights Satan’s status as a castaway from divine grace and the perpetual opposition he faces from believers. Through historical anecdotes and symbolic rituals, such as Ramy al-Jamarat during Hajj, Muslims reaffirm their resistance to evil influences, modeling their actions on prophetic traditions and Qur’anic injunctions.
By delving into this term through its etymology, Qur’anic usage, and associated rituals, one gains a deeper understanding of its place within the broader tapestry of Islamic theology and practice.
