Raddu ’s-Salām (رَدُّ السَّلام)
Definition
Raddu ’s-Salām (رَدُّ السَّلام) refers to the act of returning a salutation in Islam. It is an incumbent duty for a Muslim to return the greeting of peace, “as-salāmu ʿalaykum” (peace be upon you), when it is offered by another Muslim.
Etymology
The term Raddu ’s-Salām derives from Arabic:
- Raddu (رَدُّ) meaning “the returning” or “the reply.”
- As-Salām (السَّلام) meaning “peace,” often used in the Islamic greeting “as-salāmu ʿalaykum” (السلام عليكم).
In Turkish, the phrase is Selamın Alınması, directly translating to “the acceptance or returning of a greeting.”
Religious Significance
Returning the greeting of peace is both a social and religious obligation in Islam, emphasizing the importance of peace, mutual respect, and community cohesion. According to Islamic teachings, when a Muslim greets another with “as-salāmu ʿalaykum,” it is a way of wishing peace upon them, and the response should be equally peaceful, “wa-ʿalaykumu s-salām” (and upon you be peace).
This practice is rooted in the Qur’an, where Allah commands believers to return the greetings with something better or at least equivalent:
<p>“When you are greeted with a greeting, respond with a better greeting or return it. Surely Allah takes account of all things.” (Qur’an 4:86)</p>
Legal and Social Implications
In Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), returning the salutation is considered Wājib (obligatory) for an individual when addressed directly and Fard Kifāya (collective obligation) in group settings. If one person within a group returns the greeting, it fulfills the obligation for the entire group.
Role in Community Building
The practice of Raddu ’s-Salām strengthens the bonds of brotherhood and sisterhood in the Muslim community. It fosters a sense of unity, security, and respect among Muslims, ensuring that the community stays connected and compassionate.
Further Reading and Studies
- “Al-Adab al-Mufrad” by Imam al-Bukhari: A collection of hadiths focusing on Islamic manners and ethics, including many relevant to greetings and social interactions.
- “The Book of Manners” by Fu’ad Ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Shuwaybi: Provides insights into the manners taught by the Prophet Muhammad, including the etiquettes of greeting and responding.
- “An-Nawawi’s Forty Hadiths” by Imam An-Nawawi: A collection of essential hadiths that highlight the principles of proper conduct, including the returning of salaams.
Takeaways and Conclusion
- Universal Duty: Raddu ’s-Salām represents not just a formalism but a deeply rooted custom that fortifies the ethical framework of Islamic interpersonal relationships.
- Religious Validation: Endorsed by the Qur’an and hadith, the act underlines the emphasis on peace and mutual respect within the Ummah (Muslim community).
- Social Cohesion: The practice aids in nurturing a cohesive, supportive, and respectful Muslim society.
By understanding and practicing Raddu ’s-Salām, Muslims not only fulfill a religious requirement but also contribute to a harmonious and interconnected community.
By expanding the understanding of Raddu ’s-Salām, we see its intrinsic value beyond just a ritual greeting, elevating it to a cornerstone in the social and spiritual fabric of Islamic life.
