Quraish (قريش) in Islam
Introduction
Quraish (قريش) refers to the Arabian tribe from which the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was descended. The tribe is highly significant in Islamic history and the Qur’an, often highlighted for its pivotal role during the early period of Islam.
Etymology
The name Quraish (Arabic: قريش) is said to originate from a powerful sea creature known for preying on fish, symbolizing the tribe’s strength and prominence among the tribes of Arabia.
Importance in Islamic History
The Quraish tribe holds a special place in Islamic history for several reasons:
1. Lineage of the Prophet Muhammad
The tribe is of utmost importance as the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was born into it. His grandfather, ʿAbdu ʾl-Mutta̤lib, served as the chief of the Quraish, further elevating the tribe’s status.
2. Prophetic Sayings
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ spoke about the high status and qualities of the Quraish tribe. Notable sayings include:
- Ibn ʿUmar relates: “The office of K͟halīfah should be in the Quraish as long as there are two persons left in the tribe, one to be ruler and the other to be ruled.” (Mishkāt, Book xxiv, Chapter xii).
3. Shareef of Makkah
The Shareef (شريف) or Sheriff of Mecca traditionally comes from the Quraish. This practice underscores the tribe’s enduring significance in the Islamic world.
4. Caliphate (Khalifah)
Historically, the leadership position within Islam, known as the K͟halīfah (خليفة), was expected to be held by a member of the Quraish until the office was taken over by the Sultans of Turkey following the Abbasid era.
5. Sūrah Quraish
The tribe is also the title of the 106th chapter (Sūrah) of the Qur’an, emphasizing its importance in Islamic scripture.
Recommended Books for Further Study
- “The Life of Mahomet” by Sir William Muir – This book provides an in-depth historical account of the Quraish and its prominent figures.
- “Majmaʿu ʾl-Biḥār” by Muhammad T̤āhir – An invaluable text for understanding the etymology and historical anecdotes related to the Quraish.
- “Islamic Historiography” by Chase F. Robinson – This book offers insights into how Islamic history, including the role of the Quraish, has been chronicled over time.
Conclusion
The Quraish tribe’s historical and religious significance cannot be overstated. From being the tribe of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ to their enduring mention in the Qur’an and Hadith, the Quraish continue to hold a central place in Islamic tradition and scholarship.
Major Takeaways
- Quraish (قريش) is the tribe of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and plays a crucial role in Islamic history.
- Its etymology is linked to a powerful sea creature, signifying the tribe’s influence.
- Prophetic sayings and Islamic texts emphasize the tribe’s prominence.
- The leadership roles, like the Shareef of Makkah and the K͟halīfah, historically connected with the Quraish, underline its significance.
- For a deeper understanding, works by authors like Sir William Muir and Muhammad T̤āhir are highly recommended.
By exploring the origins, significance, and context of the Quraish tribe, one gains a profound appreciation for its role in the development and propagation of Islam.
