Qom
Definition and Significance
Qom is a significant religious and educational hub in Shii Islam, primarily recognized for hosting the shrine of Hazrat-i Masumah, the second most important Shii shrine in Iran. The city has a profound historical significance, serving as the burial site for numerous shahs of the Safavid and Qajar dynasties, as well as prominent religious scholars.
Historical and Political Role
Political Activities
Qom has been a notable center of political activity during key historical periods, especially in 1963, 1975, and during the Iranian Revolution (1977–79). The city played a pivotal role in resisting the Pahlavi monarchy, largely facilitated by its religious institutions and seminaries.
Ayatollah Khomeini
Following his return from exile, Ayatollah Khomeini immediately headed to Qom, highlighting the city’s significant role in the religious and political landscape of Iran. Qom continues to remain a crucial seat for the ulama’s educational and political organizations.
Educational Importance
Qom’s madrasas are among the most influential in Shii education, offering theological training that supports both religious and political leadership across the Shii international community.
Architectural and Cultural Elements
Shrines and Mosques
The shrine of Hazrat-i Masumah and the Borujerdi mosque are central to religious life in Qom. These sites are not only places of worship but also venues for leading communal prayers and sermons.
Economic and State Associations
The shrine functions as an important economic institution, sustained by endowments and commercial rents. It also complexly symbolizes state sovereignty under divine oversight, marked by ceremonious opening and closing rituals administered by state-appointed guards.
Etymology and Translations
- Arabic: قم (Qum)
- Turkish: Kum
Recommended Books for Further Studies
- Emami, M. (2009). Qom in History: The Shii Paradigm.
- Algar, H. (1981). Religion and State in Iran 1785-1906: The Role of the Ulama in the Qajar Period.
- Khomeini, R. (2002). Sahifeh-ye Nour (The Epic Manuscript): Ayatollah Khomeini’s speeches.
Takeaways and Conclusion
Qom’s significance in Shii Islam extends beyond its religious rites, establishing itself as a cornerstone of political and educational influence. Its historical, economic, and symbolic importance underscores its status as a guardian of Shii doctrinal continuity and political resistance.
