Qimār (قمار)
Definition
Qimār (قمار) refers to gambling or games of chance, such as dice or any activity where outcomes are determined largely by luck rather than skill. In Islamic law, qimār is explicitly prohibited due to its potential to cause social harm and financial irresponsibility.
Etymology
- Arabic: قمار (Qimār)
- Turkish: Kumar
The term originates from the Arabic root word “قمر” (qamr), which means “to gamble.”
Religious Context
The prohibition of qimār is grounded in various Islamic texts, and it is broadly interpreted under Islamic jurisprudence:
- Qur’anic Prohibition: Qimār and maysir (another term for gambling) are mentioned in the Qur’an. Specifically, in Surah Al-Baqarah (2:219) and Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:90-91), where gambling is stated to be an abomination and an act of Satan, leading to enmity and hatred among people and hindering them from the remembrance of Allah and prayer.
- Hadith: As noted in Mishkāt, book xvii. ch. ii. pt. 2., the Hadith literature reinforces this prohibition, emphasizing that games of chance are to be avoided by practicing Muslims.
Legal Implications
Under Sharia (Islamic law), acts of qimār are strictly forbidden (haram). Engaging in gambling activities is considered a serious sin and can lead to various legal and societal sanctions in Islamic communities.
Cultural Perspectives
Culturally, Muslims are advised to avoid any form of gambling as it is seen not only as a religious violation but also as a practice that can lead to socio-economic problems including debt, addiction, and the breakdown of familial relationships.
Books for Further Studies
- “Introduction to Islamic Law” by Joseph Schacht
- “Understanding Islamic Law: From Classical to Contemporary” by Hisham M. Ramadan
- “Ethics of Islam” by M. Dawood
- “Gambling: An Islamic Perspective” by Dr. Abdul Majid Khan
Takeaways
- Qimār is unequivocally prohibited in Islam due to its inherent risks and moral hazards.
- Both the Qur’an and Hadith elaborate on the evil consequences of qimār.
- For practicing Muslims, avoiding qimār is part of their ethical and religious obligations.
Conclusion
Qimār (قمار) is more than just a prohibition on games of chance; it is reflective of a broader Islamic ethos that prioritizes ethical integrity, social welfare, and spiritual mindfulness. The strict stance against qimār serves as a reminder of the importance Islam places on living a life of responsibility and awareness.
Understanding the teachings and implications related to qimār can provide deeper insight into not only Islamic law but also the values that underpin the daily lives of Muslims.
