Qasida
Definition
Qasida - A polythematic poem, often translated as “ode,” composed according to stringent metrical requirements. It is a prominent literary form in Arabic poetry and has transcended into Persian, Turkish, and Urdu literature.
Etymology
The term Qasida (قصيدة) comes from the Arabic root “ق-ص-د” (q-s-d), which signifies ’to aim’ or ’to intend,’ echoing the purposeful and crafted nature of these odes. In Turkish, it is known as Kasîde.
Structure
Qasidas are known for their strict metrical rules and often follow a non-strophic form. They typically adhere to one rhyme throughout, and the length can vary significantly, sometimes reaching up to 100 lines or more.
Main Themes (Aghrad)
- Panegyric (Madih/Madh): Poems intended to praise an individual, often a ruler or noble figure.
- Lampooning (Hija): Satirical or polemical verses aimed at criticizing or mocking a person or group.
- Love (Ghazal): Romantic verses that celebrate love, longing, and the pain of unfulfilled passion.
- Threnody or Lamentation (Ritha): Compositions expressing grief or mourning over the death of a prominent person.
Historical Context
One of the most famous collections of Qasidas from pre-Islamic Arabia is the Mu’allaqat. These are a grouping of seven or ten long poems often hung (hence “Mu’allaqat”) on the Kaaba in Mecca, indicating their unparalleled merit in the field.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “Arabs and the Art of Storytelling: A Strange Familiarity” by Abdelfattah Kilito
- “The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature” edited by Roger Allen and D. S. Richards
- “The Penguin Anthology of Classical Arabic Literature” translated by Robert Irwin
Takeaways
- Qasida is a multifaceted and intricate poem that has played a significant role in the literary traditions of several languages.
- The form includes major thematic elements that help illustrate the vast cultural and social outlooks of classical and pre-Islamic Arab societies.
- Understanding Qasida provides insights into the historical and cultural treasures of the Islamic world.
Conclusion
The Qasida serves as a mighty testament to the rich, vibrant tradition of Arabic and Islamic literary arts. Through its structured verses and thematic focus, it encapsulates the beauty, wisdom, and emotional depth of a diverse cultural heritage, continuing to influence and inform contemporary literary expressions.
