Qalam (قلم)
Definition and Meanings
Qalam (قلم) is an Arabic term that translates to “a (reed) pen.” This concept holds various layers of significance within Islamic tradition and theology. Specifically, it is used to denote:
- The Divine Pen: The instrument with which Allah is said to have pre-recorded the actions of humans. According to a well-known Hadith, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) stated that the first thing God created was the Pen (Qalam), which then wrote down everything that was and will be—to all eternity.
- Al-Qalam (The Pen): This is also the title of the 68th Sūrah (chapter) of the Qur’an, which underscores the pen’s importance beyond its physical utility to its symbolic significance in divine knowledge and prophecy.
Etymology and Linguistic Roots
- Arabic: قلم (qalam)
- Turkish: Kalem
The term “Qalam” is derived from the Greek word “κάλαμος” (kalamos), which means “reed” or “reed pen.” Over time, it entered the Arabic language with a closely related meaning.
Qur’anic Significance
Sūrah Al-Qalam (Chapter 68): The mention of Al-Qalam in the Qur’an elevates the status of the pen to a divine object symbolic of wisdom, knowledge, and revelation. The chapter opens with the phrase “Nun. By the pen and what they inscribe,” emphasizing the pen’s sacred role.
Hadith Significance
According to a hadith narrated by Imam Ahmad and recorded in Mishkāt al-Maṣābīḥ, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said:
<p>“The first thing Allah created was the Pen, then He said to it: ‘Write.’ It said: ‘What should I write, my Lord?’ Allah said: ‘Write what was decreed about everything till the Last Hour comes.’”</p>
Philosophical and Theological Implications
- Fate and Free Will: The concept of Qalam delves deep into discourses concerning fate (Qadar) and divine preordainment (Taqdir). It raises intriguing discussions about human free will versus predestination in Islamic theology.
- The Pursuit of Knowledge: Qalam signifies the importance of literacy, knowledge, and intellectual pursuit in Islam. It underscores that wisdom and learning are integral components of faith (Iman).
Suggested Readings for Further Study
- “The Oxford Dictionary of Islam” edited by John L. Esposito
- “Mishkāt al-Maṣābīḥ” compiled by Al-Tabrizi
- “Islamic Theology and Philosophy: Studies in Honor of George F. Hourani” edited by Michael E. Marmura
- “The Pen and the Sword: Conversations with Edward Said” by David Barsamian
Takeaways and Conclusion
- Qalam reflects multiple layers of meaning, from its literal sense as a pen to its profound theological implications in Islamic belief.
- It connects to significant themes such as divine knowledge, fate, and the pursuit of knowledge.
- The title of Sūrah Al-Qalam in the Qur’an underscores its importance in Islam.
- Studying Qalam can yield deeper insights into broader Islamic concepts of destiny, divine wisdom, and the ethical imperative for knowledge.
Understanding Qalam enriches one’s comprehension of the interwoven nature of divine will, human agency, and the timeless value of learning in Islam.
