Qadari Tariqah
Qadari Tariqah is a Sufi order founded posthumously by the followers of Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (also spelled Gilani) in fourteenth-century Damascus. Known for its Hanbali legal orientation, the Qadari Tariqah has historically spread throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, Egypt, and Syria and achieved a significant presence in diverse regions including West Africa, India, North Africa, and the Malay peninsula.
Etymology and Translations
- Arabic: الطريقة القادرية (Al-Tariqah Al-Qadariyyah)
- Turkish: Kadirilik Tarikatı
Early History and Spread
The order was founded in the spirit and teaching of Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani, a eminent Hanbali scholar and mystic who lived in the 12th century. The tariqah, or spiritual path, formed after his death saw a substantial influence in many parts of the Islamic world.
After its founding in Damascus, the Qadari Tariqah quickly spread across diverse regions:
- 14th Century: Prominent in Egypt and Syria by the end of the century.
- 19th Century: Extended its reach from West Africa to Southeast Asia, with significant influence in North Africa, India, and the Malay peninsula.
Influence and Resistance to European Imperialism
One of the key historical aspects of the Qadari Tariqah is its role in resisting European imperialism, particularly in Africa during the 19th century. Many leaders of the order were prominent figures in both political and spiritual resistance to colonial powers, advocating for the preservation and strengthening of local Islamic traditions and sociopolitical systems.
Legal Orientation
Rooted in the Hanbali school of Islamic jurisprudence:
- Hanbali: One of the four major Sunni schools of Islamic law, known for its conservative and textually strict interpretations of the Qur’an and Hadith.
Prominent Regions and Cultural Impact
Regions where the Qadari Tariqah has been notably influential:
- Sub-Saharan Africa
- Egypt and Syria (by the end of the 14th century)
- West Africa
- Southeast Asia (by the 19th century)
- India, North Africa, and the Malay Peninsula
The qawwali music tradition in the Indian subcontinent and other forms of Sufi poetry and music in different regions can trace inspiration back to Qadari influences.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “" Masters of the Path: A History of the Qadiri Sufi Order” by Taji-Farouki and Nafi.
- " Al-Ghazali’s Path to Sufism: His Deliverance from Error " translated by R.J. McCarthy.
- " The Sage of Seville: Ibn Zuhr, His Time, and His Medical Online " by Henry W Rideout.
- " Sufism and Politics: The Power of Charisma " by Endre Kotya.
Takeaways and Conclusion
The Qadari Tariqah remains an important part of the rich tapestry of Islamic mysticism. Established in the traditions of Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani’s teachings, it has had profound influence spanning geography and generations. Its contribution to resisting imperialism, rich spiritual legacy, and cultural impacts continue to be significant areas for academic and spiritual exploration.
Conclusion
Through its spiritual practices and its pivotal role in history, the Qadari Tariqah serves as an enduring symbol of Islamic resilience and spiritual depth. Understanding its diverse impact in various regions requires a deep dive into historical, social, and cultural contexts that continue to influence current Islamic discourse.
