Qādirīyah (قادرية)
Definition
The Qādirīyah (قادرية) is an ascetic and spiritual order of Sufism that holds a significant place in Sunni Islam, particularly in Asia. It was founded in the 12th century by Saiyid ʿAbdu ʾl-Qādir al-Jilānī, who is also popularly known as Pīr Dastagīr. The order is renowned for its spiritual practices and its emphasis on asceticism and devotion.
Etymology
The term Qādirīyah originates from the Arabic root “ق-د-ر” (q-d-r), which relates to power and capability. The name derives from the order’s founder, ʿAbdu ʾl-Qādir al-Jilānī, signifying followers of his spiritual path.
Arabic and Turkish Translations
- Arabic: قادرية (Qādirīyah)
- Turkish: Kadirilik
Historical Background
Foundation and Founder
The Qādirīyah order was instituted in A.H. 561 (1166 C.E.) by ʿAbdu ʾl-Qādir al-Jilānī. Born in Jilan, Persia, in 1078, he later moved to Baghdad, where he established this Sufi order. Renowned for his profound piety, knowledge, and teachings, al-Jilānī’s influence extended widely, earning him a reputation as a leading spiritual authority of his time.
Pir Dastagīr Shrine
The shrine of ʿAbdu ʾl-Qādir al-Jilānī is located in Baghdad. This sacred site attracts numerous pilgrims and devotees, reflecting the enduring legacy of al-Jilānī and the Qādirīyah order.
Significance in Sunni Islam
The Qādirīyah is one of the most widespread and influential Sufi orders among Sunni Muslims, particularly in Asia. Known for its emphasis on Zikr (ذِكْر), a form of devotional acts remembering Allah, and doctrines focused on Faqīr (فَقِير), or spiritual poverty and humility, the order has played a vital role in the religious landscape.
Practices and Teachings
Zikr
Zikr, or the remembrance of Allah, is a core practice of the Qādirīyah. It involves repetitive recitation and meditation to invoke the divine presence, aiming to purify the heart and attain closeness to God.
Asceticism
The order emphasizes ascetic living, encouraging its followers to detach from worldly possessions and pursue spiritual growth through self-discipline and devotion.
Recommended Books for Further Study
- “The Sufi Path of Knowledge: Ibn al-Arabi’s Metaphysics of Imagination” by William C. Chittick
- “The Mystic Path to Divine Power: Inner Secrets Revealed” by Amadou Hampâté Bâ
- “Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani: His Teaching and Personality” by Sayyid Nurjan Mirahmadi
Takeaways
- Qādirīyah is a prominent Sufi order founded in the 12th century by ʿAbdu ʾl-Qādir al-Jilānī.
- It plays a significant role in the spiritual and religious practices of Sunni Muslims, especially in Asia.
- The order is known for its emphasis on Zikr, asceticism, and spiritual poverty.
Conclusion
The Qādirīyah order holds immense historical and spiritual significance within the Islamic tradition. Its teachings continue to inspire and guide many Muslims around the world, fostering a deep sense of devotion, piety, and spiritual growth. Through the practices of Zikr and asceticism, the Qādirīyah offers a pathway to attain a closer relationship with the divine.
This entry provides a comprehensive overview of the Qādirīyah, covering its definition, etymology, historical background, significance, practices, and suggested readings for those interested in deepening their understanding of this influential Sufi order.
