Rayhana bint Zayd ibn Amr (d. 632): Wife of the Prophet Muhammad. Originally from the Jewish al-Nadir tribe, captured with the Banu Qurayza. Freed and married by the Prophet, with some historical ambiguity regarding her status.
Persian scientist, physician, and Platonist philosopher known for his empirical approach to medical knowledge and skepticism of traditional religious doctrines.
An insightful exploration of the rules and conditions regarding re-marriage in Islam, covering both Sunni and Shia perspectives, along with stipulations for widows and widowers.
Islamic principles and historical practices regarding asylum and refuge
Nongovernmental, nonprofit organization formed in 1980 to coordinate Islamic missionary activities in Southeast Asia and the Pacific.
Objects associated with holy persons in Islam, regarded as possessing spiritual powers and are objects of veneration and devotional practices.
Explore the intricacies of performing religious duties in Islam as dictated by Muhammadan law, including the debates on whether remuneration for such duties is lawful.
An exploration of the concept of repentance in Islam, its theological foundations, and its implications for individual and social behavior.
The Republican Brothers, a Sudanese Islamic renewal movement formed in the 1960s, led by Mahmud Muhammad Taha, aimed to establish a moral, peaceful and free society through the reinterpretation of Islamic tenets.
An overview of the Republican People’s Party (Turkey) - major Turkish political party from 1923 to 1980.
Exploration of the concept of 'revolution' within the context of Islamic thought, including classical and modern interpretations.
A fort or stronghold founded by Muslims in non-Muslim areas, often evolving into centers of Sufi teaching and spiritual devotion.
Explore the concept of 'Ribāt̤,' its historical significance, and its role in Islamic military and spiritual contexts. Understand the origins and functions of ribāṭ as a fortress and spiritual retreat for Muslim warriors.
Rifai Tariqah is a Sunni Sufi order instrumental in the institutionalization of Sufism, established by Ahmad ibn Ali al-Rifai, and notable for its significant presence in several regions and diverse practices.
The first four successors of Prophet Muhammad who played pivotal roles in early Islamic governance and expansion.
Learn about the term 'K͟hātim (خاتم),' its implications, and usage in Islamic context. Understand the rules surrounding the wearing of rings for men and women in Islam, and the cultural practices associated with them.
A literary and scholarly form found in various fields including theology, law, and literature, often used to convey messages, letters, essays, or treatises.
Explore the term 'Rising Up' or 'Qiyām' in Islamic tradition, its implications, and how it is practiced among Muslims. Understand different perspectives based on Islamic traditions and Hadith.
Significant Islamic rites of passage, particularly circumcision and marriage, and their roles in reflecting the transition to adulthood.
Explore the concept of Riyāʾ (رياء) or hypocrisy in Islam. Understand its condemnation in the Qurʾān, implications for Muslims, and how it is addressed in Islamic teachings.
Roger II of Sicily (r. 1130–54), king of Sicily known for sponsoring the translation of Arabic and Greek scientific and philosophical works into Latin.
Rosary, an object used in Islamic practice, known as misbahah, tasbih, or subhah, consisting of beads for counting prayers and recitations.
Discover the term 'Rozah (روزه),' its etymology, meanings, and significance in Islamic practice, specifically its relationship to Ramadan and the practice of fasting.
An intensely lyrical and subjective form of poetic writing, characterized by its four-line stanzas, known as quatrains.
Spiritual beings significant in Islamic philosophy and mysticism, often associated with angels governing heavenly spheres and mediating between the spiritual world and humanity.
An exception to a general Islamic law, granted to preserve life or remove hardship, contrasted with azimah in Sufism.
An in-depth exploration of the foundational sources of Islamic orthodoxy: the Qurʾān, Ḥadīs̤, Ijmāʿ, and Qiyās. Understand how these elements collectively shape the faith and practice of Muslims.
Renowned Persian Sufi Mystic, Poet, and Founder of the Mawlawi Order
Incident arising from the publication of a novel entitled The Satanic Verses, by British author Salman Rushdie, in 1988.
Ruzbihan Baqli, a notable Persian Sufi known for his ecstatic visionary life and comprehensive writings on Sufi expressions of ecstasy.
Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas: Early convert to Islam, prominent Companion of Prophet Muhammad, and key military leader in early Islamic history.
Sa'di, Musharrif al-Din Muslih (d. ca. 1291), Persian mystic poet member of the Suhrawardi tariqah.
Explore the tribe and province of Sabaʾ as mentioned in the Qur'an. Understand the historical, cultural, and theological significance of Sabaʾ in Islamic and Biblical contexts.
Eleventh-century founder of a branch of Ismaili Shi'is known as the Nizaris or Assassins.
Explore the term 'Sabbath' (Sabt) as used in the Qur'an, its implications within Islamic context, and its historical and theological significance in relations to the Jewish tradition.
Islamic term referring to the way, road, or path, often used in the context of correct belief and behavior
Understand the term 'SABĪLU ʾLLĀH (سبيل الله),' its usage in Islamic context, especially in relation to religious warfare and meritorious deeds. Explore references from the Qur'an and its broader implications in the life of Muslims.
A ritual involving the slaughter of an animal as an act of devotion in Islamic tradition, observed during significant events like Hajj and Eid al-Adha.
Renowned 14th-century Islamic scholar recognized for his contributions to various Islamic disciplines.
Charity or alms given freely to those in need, distinct from the obligatory alms (Zakah) in Islam.
The title given to the chief minister in Safavid and Qajar Iran and in Ottoman Turkey.
Iraqi Shii intellectual, philosopher, political leader, and author whose works significantly influenced Islamic philosophy, economics, and constitutional law.
The ruling dynasty of Persia (Iran) from 1501 to 1722, known for establishing Twelver Shiism as the state religion and initiating a cultural renaissance.
First Abbasid caliph known for initiating the Abbasid Caliphate and brutally suppressing opponents
Learn about the term 'Ṣaḥābī,' its implications, and usage in Islamic context. Understand who are considered Ṣaḥābī and their importance in Islamic history.
Learn about the term 'Ṣāḥibu ʾn-Niṣāb,' its etymology, implications, and usage in Islam. Understand the criteria and responsibilities tied to this legal designation concerning zakāt, sacrifices, and pilgrimage.
Explore the concept of ṢAḤĪFATU ʾL-AʿMĀL, also known as the 'Book of Actions' in Islam. Learn about its significance, etymology, and references in the Qur’ān, as well as recommended readings for further study.
Compendium of Hadith, recognized as one of the six canonical collections in Sunni Islam, compiled by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
Learn about Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, its compilation, and its importance among the Kutuub as-Sittah in Islamic tradition. Explore the work of Abū ʾl-Ḥusain Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj and its enduring significance.
Sahnun (d. 855) Abu Said Abd al-Salam ibn Said ibn Habib al-Tanukhi, a distinguished Maliki scholar, and the compiler of Al-mudawwanah.
Stage of mystical or spiritual development characterized by careful observance of Shariah, manifestation of wisdom, and clarity of spiritual vision, contrasted with Sukr, spiritual 'intoxication.' In negative terms, refers to closure to spiritual influences.
Ottoman grand vizier and prominent Islamic reformer
Prominent Pakistani philanthropist, physician in traditional Yunani medicine, founder of educational institutions, and former governor of Sindh province.
An in-depth look into the term 'Saiḥūn,' its historical context, and significance in Islamic tradition. Understand the river's inclusion in both religious and cultural narratives.
A distinctive style of Arabic rhyming prose that blends rhyme, rhythm, and cadence, utilized notably in the Quran and later in the maqamah genre.
Learn about 'Sajdatu ʾs-Sahw,' its importance in Islamic prayer, and how it rectifies lapses or forgetfulness during Salah. Understand the basis from Hadith and responsibilities on performing these prostrations.
Etymology, significance, and usage of the term 'Salaam' in Islamic tradition.
A customary greeting among Muslims meaning 'Peace be upon you.'
A reform movement emphasizing a return to the pure form of Islamic doctrines, adherence to Quran and Sunnah, with a modernist intellectual basis.
Commander of Muslim forces during the third phase of the Crusades and founder of the Ayyubid dynasty.
Mandatory prayers performed by Muslims five times daily as the second pillar of Islam.
Midafternoon prayer, the third of the five obligatory daily prayers in Islam.
Noon prayer in Islam; the second of the five obligatory daily prayers (salat) containing four cycles (rakah)
Salat al-Isha: The fifth and final mandatory daily prayer in Islam, consisting of four cycles and performed after sunset.
The congregational Friday prayer in Islam, required primarily of Sunni men and under specific conditions for Shi'i men.
The prayer performed in times of danger or warfare, based on the Prophet Muhammad’s example during military battles.
The fourth of the five mandatory daily prayers in Islam, performed after sunset.
Recommended prayers performed in the month of Ramadan, indicating piety.
Understand the significance of Ṣalātu ʾl-Jumʿah, the Friday Prayer in Islam, including its structure, timing, and importance to the Muslim community.
An in-depth look at Ṣalātu ʾl-ʿĪdain, the special prayers performed on the two major Islamic festivals: ʿĪd al-Fiṭr and ʿĪd al-Aḍḥā. Understand their significance, procedure, and cultural importance in the Muslim world.
A branch of the Sanusi tariqah that emphasizes revivalist and reformist Islamic principles and has had a notable influence in East Africa.
Salman the Persian: Iranian Companion of the Prophet Muhammad, renowned for his contributions to Islamic history and legend.
Ancient town on the east bank of the Tigris River in Iraq, notable for being the capital of the Abbasid Empire between 836 and 892, and renowned for its architectural and artistic heritage.
Celebrated Egyptian Sufi and founder of the Sammani tariqah
Explore the concept of 'Sanad,' its definition, etymology, and importance in Islamic jurisprudence. Understand its various uses, including historical, legal, and scholarly contexts.
Explore the term 'Ṣanam,' its etymology, implications, and usage in the Islamic context. Understand what constitutes an idol and its significance in Islamic theology as discussed in the Qur'an.
Explore the concept of 'Sanctuary' in Islamic tradition, the legal implications of seeking refuge in a mosque, and its historical contexts in Islamic and Biblical law.
Reformist Iranian theologian known for his radical notions of modernity and rejection of traditional Shii beliefs.
Prominent Egyptian jurist and legal scholar known for modernizing Islamic law
Revivalist Sufi order founded in 1841 by Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi, known for its resistance to colonialism and emphasis on learning, piety, and work ethic.
Algerian founder of the Sanusi Sufi tariqah and an influential Islamic reformist.
First king of independent Libya and central figure in Libyan nationalism and anti-imperial struggle.
Saracens - Term initially used by Romans for nomadic groups in Syria, later applied to Arabs, and then extended by medieval Christian writers to all Muslims.
Wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac; notable figure in Islamic tradition known for her piety and faithfulness.
Indonesia’s first mass political party with deep-rooted Islamic nationalist and socialist ideologies.
An exploration of the concept of theft known as 'Sariqah' in Islamic penal ordinances (hudud), including its classifications, punishments, and legal considerations.
Major historian and theorist of Sufism from Tus in northeastern Iran
The adversary or principle of evil in Islamic theology
Refers to an incident in Islamic tradition involving the interjection of words by Satan during the revelation of a particular Qur'anic verse.
Founder and first ruler of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, who established his rule based on Wahhabi doctrines.
King Faisal of Saudi Arabia, noted for transforming the nation into an oil power and promoting Islamic values.
Saul, known as Talut in Arabic, is depicted in Islamic tradition as the king anointed by prophet Samuel who led the Israelites to victory.
Explore the concept of Ṣaum (صوم) in Islam, its significance, types, and the comprehensive guidelines provided by Prophet Muḥammad. Learn about the spiritual and communal role of fasting and its deeply rooted tradition in Islamic practice.
Explore the concept of ṢAUMU ʾT-TAT̤AWWUʿ, a voluntary fast outside the month of Ramaẓān, and understand its importance in Islamic practice.
Explore the concept of 'S̤awāb' in Islamic tradition, understand its etymology, and its importance in the daily life of Muslims. Discover how actions are rewarded and the spiritual significance of S̤awāb.
Second wife of the Prophet Muhammad and an early Muslim who emigrated to Abyssinia
Hamdanid ruler of Aleppo, known for his patronage of scholars and resilience against Byzantine aggressions.
Influential Shafi'i jurist who integrated theology with jurisprudential methods
