Palestine and Israel, Islam in
Introduction
The liberation of Palestine from Israeli occupation is often projected as a duty for all Muslims primarily because of the significant Muslim shrines and mosques located in Jerusalem, Islam’s third holiest city. Al-Quds (The Holy; ar: القدس) holds profound religious significance for followers of Islam, housing the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock.
Historical Context
Historical Background and Etymology
The West Bank (ar: الضفة الغربية, tr: Batı Şeria) and Gaza (ar: غزة , tr: Gazze) have been under Israeli military occupation since 1967. This has led to ongoing tension and conflict, deeply impacting the Muslim communities in these regions.
Impacts of Occupation
Social and Religious Impact
Israeli military occupation has resulted in major restrictions on and the suppression of many Muslim organizations and activities. This suppression has been accompanied by the establishment of Israeli settlements, an act in violation of international law.
Legal and Political Restrictions
In Israel, Muslims face legal constraints, but significant strides have been made at local political levels. Despite these advancements, the barriers they face include limitations on freedom of movement, access to religious sites, and the ability to observe religious customs openly.
Radicalization and Social Services
Islamist Movements and Radical Responses
While some Muslims have been radicalized due to the protracted conflict and dispossession, the majority focus their efforts towards social services such as education, healthcare, and community support. Radicalized groups include well-known factions like Hamas (ar: حركة المقاومة الإسلامية, tr: Hamas) and the Islamic Jihad Movement (ar: حركة الجهاد الإسلامي; tr: İslami Cihad Hareketi).
Political Landscape
Islam in Palestinian Politics
The Islamist movement currently serves as a formidable opposition party within Palestinian politics. Their influence is particularly notable in the Gaza Strip, while in the West Bank, different factions compete for political dominance.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “Islamic Politics in Palestine” by Beverley Milton-Edwards.
- “Hamas: Politics, Charity, and Terrorism in the Service of Jihad” by Matthew Levitt.
- “The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War” by James L. Gelvin.
Takeaways
- Significance of Jerusalem: The religious importance of Jerusalem in Islam is a central factor in the conflict.
- Impact of Occupation: Israeli military occupation has led to severe socioeconomic and political challenges for Palestinian Muslims.
- Social Services Focus: Most Muslim organizations focus on social welfare, despite the existence of radical factions.
- Political Opposition: Islamist movements form the primary opposition in Palestinian politics and have created effective local political structures within Israel.
Conclusion
The presence and influence of Islam in Palestine and Israel is multifaceted, encompassing a blend of religious heritage, political opposition, and social welfare. The protracted Israeli occupation significantly shapes the socio-political dynamics of the region, leading to a complex interaction between faith, resistance, and governance.
Understanding the role of Islam in this segment of the Middle East provides crucial insight into the broader geopolitical and cultural conflicts that define the relationship between Palestine and Israel.
For further information, please refer to the suggested books and explore related sections such as HAMAS and Islamic Jihad Movement. This entry provides a foundational overview to appreciate the enduring significance and contemporary manifestations of Islam in Palestine and Israel.
