Nizaris
Definition
Nizaris represent one of the two principal branches of Ismaili Shi’i Islam, the other being the Mustalis. Historically, this division emerged in 1094 CE over a contention regarding the rightful succession to the Fatimid Caliphate.
Etymology
The term “Nizari” originates from Nizar, one of the sons of the Fatimid Imam-caliph al-Mustansir Billah. In Arabic, نِزَارِي (Nizari) illustrates the followers of Nizar. In Turkish, the term remains as “Nizari.”
Historical Background
Formation and Schism
The schism within the Ismaili community occurred following the death of the Fatimid Imam al-Mustansir Billah in 1094. The majority initially accepted al-Mustali as the new Imam, whereas a faction, led notably by Hasan-i Sabbah, asserted Nizar as the legitimate successor. This fissure formalized the separation between the Mustali and Nizari branches.
Leadership and Notable Figures
Hasan-i Sabbah spearheaded the Nizari faction, particularly known for establishing a fortified headquarters at Alamut in Persia. Since the 19th century, the term “Aga Khan” has been the honorific title bestowed upon spiritual leaders of the Nizari Ismailis. The lineage includes the influential third Aga Khan, Sultan Muhammad Shah (d. 1957), and his grandson, the current fourth Aga Khan, Prince Karim Aga Khan (b. 1936).
Doctrinal Beliefs
The notion of Talim (divinely inspired teaching) distinguishes Nizari beliefs. Nizaris uphold that the Imam possesses intrinsic spiritual authority and gnosis (inner, esoteric knowledge), which transcends the limitations of human reason in understanding religious truths.
Historical Context and Misconceptions
During the Crusades, the Nizaris’ association with political assassination led to their unfair depiction by Western chroniclers as the “Assassins” (derived from tales of hashish addiction), a legend perpetuated by misunderstanding and mythologizing their tactical espionage.
Present Demographics and Cultural Impact
Today, Nizari Ismailis are widespread, constituting significant populations in South Asia, Central Asia, West Asia, Africa, and the Western diaspora. They maintain vibrant religious, cultural, and educational institutions fostered under the guidance of the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN).
Books for Further Studies
- “The Assassins: A Radical Sect in Islam” by Bernard Lewis
- “The Ismailis: Their History and Doctrines” by Farhad Daftary
- “The Imam and the Indian: Prose Pieces” by Amitav Ghosh
Takeaways
- The Nizaris are one of two main branches of Ismaili Shi’i Islam resulting from an 11th-century schism.
- They recognize a lineage of “living Imams,” with the Aga Khans as spiritual leaders.
- Historical misconceptions regarding the Nizaris led to the creation of the “Assassins” legend.
- Nizaris participate in society globally, emphasizing community, education, and development through AKDN.
Conclusion
Nizaris exemplify a distinct stream within Ismaili Shi’ism, evolving richly through history and doctrine. Their commitment to incorporating profound spiritual insights with tangible community development initiatives highlights their enduring relevance and resilience in the modern world.
