Nafaqah (نـفـقـة) in Islam
Definition
Nafaqah (نـفـقـة) is an Arabic term that translates to “maintenance” or “financial support.” In the context of Islamic law and family obligations, it refers to the sustenance, including financial support, a husband is required to provide his wife and dependents. This concept is deeply rooted in Islamic jurisprudence and encompasses not only financial support but also general welfare, including food, clothing, housing, and other essential needs.
Etymology
The word Nafaqah (نـفـقـة) is derived from the Arabic root ن-ف-ق (n-f-q), which carries the connotation of spending or expenditure. The word is used in various forms throughout the Qur’an and Hadith literature, reflecting its broad application in ensuring family welfare and societal stability.
Turkish Translation: Nafaka
Islamic Jurisprudence
Role and Responsibilities
In Islamic family law (Fiqh al-Usrah), the concept of Nafaqah is a critical aspect of a husband’s duties. It is obligatory upon the husband to maintain his wife, children, and sometimes, elderly parents, if they are in need of support. Failure to provide Nafaqah may lead to legal consequences, including claims for maintenance in Islamic courts.
Modalities
- Wife’s Maintenance: This includes daily expenses such as food, clothing, healthcare, and shelter. The extent and quality of Nafaqah are based on the husband’s financial capability and the socio-economic status of the parties involved.
- Children’s Maintenance: Parents have a shared responsibility to provide for their children until they reach maturity. This includes not only basic needs but also education and overall wellbeing.
- Extended Family: In some contexts, extended family members such as elderly parents or orphaned relatives may also be entitled to Nafaqah.
Cultural and Societal Impact
Nafaqah reinforces the importance of mutual respect and responsibilities within the family unit in Muslim societies. It ensures financial stability and social harmony, guiding marital relationships and parental duties as prescribed in Islam.
Key References in Islamic Texts
Qur’an
- Surah Al-Baqarah (2:233): “And the father of the child shall bear the cost of the mother’s food and clothing on a reasonable basis…”
- Surah An-Nisa (4:34): “Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has given the one more (strength) than the other, and because they support them from their means…”
Hadith
- Sahih Bukhari: “The best dinar you spend is the dinar you spend on your family, the dinar you spend on your horse in the Cause of Allah, and the dinar you spend on your companions in the Cause of Allah.” (Sahih Bukhari, Book 47, Hadith 7)
Books for Further Studies
- “Islamic Family Law” by Ahmad ibn Naqid al-Misri
- “The Rights of Women in Islam” by Asma Barlas
- “Marriage and Morals in Islam” by Asghar Ali Engineer
Takeaways and Conclusion
Nafaqah emphasizes the ethical and legal obligation of financial support within a family structure as mandated by Islamic teachings. It is foundational in promoting familial unity, ethical behavior, and social welfare among Muslims. Understanding the nuances of Nafaqah helps in grasping the broader principles of justice and compassion in Islamic thought.
In conclusion, Nafaqah extends beyond mere financial provision to encompass holistic care, thereby fostering a balanced and fair society rooted in Islamic principles of justice, mercy, and societal cohesion. Its correct implementation is essential for upholding the welfare of individuals and the community at large.
