MUWAḤḤID (موحد) in Islam
Introduction
Muwaḥḥid (موحد) is a term deeply rooted in Islamic theology. It refers to a person who professes the belief in the oneness of God. This concept is fundamental to the Islamic faith, underscoring the monotheistic nature of Islam.
Etymology
The term Muwaḥḥid is derived from the Arabic root و-ح-د (w-ḥ-d), which means ’to unify’ or ’to make one.’ The noun form موحد (muwaḥḥid) translates directly to ‘unifier’ or ‘one who declares the oneness of God.’ It is closely associated with the term Tawḥīd (توحيد), which refers to the oneness and unity of God, a central tenet in Islamic doctrine.
Definition
Muwaḥḥid (موحد) specifically denotes a believer in one God — a person who upholds the doctrine of monotheism, which is the first and principal pillar of Islamic faith. The plural form muwaḥḥidūn (موحدون) refers to a community or group of such believers.
Usage and Significance
In Islamic thought, being a Muwaḥḥid is essential for one’s perception as a faithful Muslim. This belief differentiates Muslims from other theological perspectives, particularly polytheism and atheism. The profession of monotheism is prominently declared in the Shahada (الشهادة), the Islamic creed, which states: “There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah” (لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله).
Islamic Theology
Islamic theology profoundly elaborates on the idea of Tawḥīd and the role of a Muwaḥḥid. This belief encompasses several dimensions:
- Tawḥīd al-Rubūbiyyah: Oneness in God’s Lordship
- Tawḥīd al-Ulūhiyyah: Oneness in the worship of God
- Tawḥīd al-Asmā wa Ṣifāt: Oneness in the names and attributes of God
Cultural Context
The term Muwaḥḥid has historical significance as well. The Almohad Dynasty (al-Muwaḥḥidūn) of North Africa and Iberia was named after this term, reflecting their adherence to strict monotheistic principles as part of their religious and political identity during medieval times.
Turkish Translation
In Turkish, Muwaḥḥid can be translated as “Tevhid” (Tevhid inancı olan kişi), indicating someone who believes in the oneness of God.
Further Reading
For those interested in deepening their understanding of this concept, the following books and resources are highly recommended:
- “The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity” by Seyyed Hossein Nasr
- “Islamic Theology and Philosophy: Studies in Honor of George F. Hourani” edited by Michael E. Marmura
- “Understanding Islam: An Introduction to the Muslim World” by Thomas W. Lippman
Takeaways
- Muwaḥḥid signifies a firm belief in monotheism, central to the Islamic faith.
- The term is deeply embedded in both theological discourse and historical contexts within the Islamic world.
- Understanding the concept involves appreciating its linguistic roots, doctrinal significance, and cultural ramifications.
Conclusion
In summary, the term Muwaḥḥid encapsulates a core principle of Islam: the unwavering belief in the oneness of God. It is a defining attribute for Muslims and holds significant theological and historical connotations. Studying this term offers valuable insight into Islamic monotheism and its profound impact on Muslim beliefs and practices.
