Muqauqis (مقوقس)
Definition and Historical Significance
Muqauqis (مقوقس) - The Roman Viceroy of Egypt during the 7th century.
Muqauqis, the romanized form of the Arabic term مقوقس (Muqauqis), was a title for the Roman viceroy or governor of Egypt during the early Islamic period. His historical significance stems from his encounters with Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
In the 7th year of Hijri (A.D. 628), Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) sent an embassy to Muqauqis, inviting him to embrace Islam. The gesture highlighted the Prophet’s (PBUH) broader mission to spread Islam beyond the Arabian Peninsula through diplomatic efforts.
Historical Account
Muqauqis responded positively to the embassy, acknowledging the Prophet’s (PBUH) status and indicating a recognition of an impending prophetic figure. His reply conveyed respect and a cordial reception for the envoy. He presented valuable gifts, including two female slaves highly esteemed by the Copts, garments, and a mule for the Prophet (PBUH).
Among the gifts, one of the female slaves, Mary, also known as Mary the Copt, became particularly notable in Islamic history. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) kept her for himself, and she bore him a son, Ibrahim. The other slave was given to Hassan ibn Thabit, a renowned poet of that era.
Etymology and Translations
- Etymology: The term “Muqauqis” (مقوقس) is believed to be derived from the Coptic or Greek title for a local ruler or high official.
- Arabic: مقوقس
- Turkish: Mukavkis
Recommended Books for Further Studies
- “Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources” by Martin Lings
- “The Life of the Prophet Muhammad” by Ibn Kathir
- “In the Footsteps of the Prophet: Lessons from the Life of Muhammad” by Tariq Ramadan
- “The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet” by Safi-ur-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri
Takeaways
- Diplomatic Engagements: Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) engagement with foreign leaders highlights the early Islamic diplomatic efforts.
- Cultural Exchange: The exchange of gifts between Muqauqis and Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) illustrates the respect and diplomatic norms of the time.
- Significance of Mary the Copt: The historical importance of Mary, who became a member of the Prophet’s household and the mother of his son, Ibrahim, underscores the deep personal and community impact of these interactions.
Conclusion
The account of Muqauqis underscores a fascinating chapter in early Islamic history, reflecting Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) broader vision of peaceful outreach. The respectful correspondence and exchange between Muqauqis and the Prophet (PBUH) remain emblematic of the diplomatic and cultural intersections of their time.
For more detailed exploration, readers are encouraged to access the recommended books and primary sources on early Islamic history and the life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
