Mules (bag͟hl) in Islam
Arabic and Turkish Translations
- Arabic: بغل (bag͟hl), plural: بغال (big͟hāl)
- Turkish: Katır (katır), plural: Katır (katırlar)
Etymology
The Arabic word “بغل” (bag͟hl) refers to mules, the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. The plural form is “بغال” (big͟hāl).
Islamic Context and Injunctions
Prophet Muḥammad (peace be upon him) provided specific guidelines concerning the interaction with and breeding of mules. One notable hadith, narrated by Ibn ʿAbbās, mentions three special injunctions given to the Prophet (Mishkāt, Book XVII, Chapter II):
- Perform Thorough Ablutions (Wudu’): Emphasizing proper and complete ritual purification.
- Not to Take Alms (Ṣadaqah): Indicating the Prophet’s special stance concerning charitable offerings.
- Not to Breed Mules: Specifically prohibiting the breeding of mules.
Dietary Laws Regarding Mules
- Unlawful Meat: The flesh of mules is considered unlawful (Haram) for consumption. This ruling is mentioned in classical Islamic jurisprudence texts such as the Hidāyah (vol. iv, p. 74).
Legal and Financial Considerations
- Zakāt Exemption: Mules are exempt from the obligatory almsgiving known as Zakāt, indicating their distinct status in Islamic financial jurisprudence (Hidāyah, vol. i, p. 16).
Books for Further Studies
- Mishkat Al-Masabih by Al-Baghawi - English Translation by James Robson.
- Al-Hidāyah: A Classical Manual of Hanafi Law by Burhan al-Din al-Farghani al-Marghinani.
- The Life of the Prophet Muhammad by Ibn Hisham, English Translation by Alfred Guillaume.
Takeaways and Conclusion
The treatment and legal considerations of mules in Islamic jurisprudence reflect broader ethical and ritual principles within Islam. The prohibition of consuming their meat and engaging in activities related to their breeding demonstrate the distinct Islamic approach to certain animals. Furthermore, the exclusion of mules from zakāt obligations shows a nuanced understanding of financial and ethical responsibilities in Islamic law.
This entry highlights the importance of understanding the cultural and religious significance of specific animals within Islamic contexts, providing valuable insights into the intricate balances upheld within the faith.
By exploring these specifics, readers can gain a deeper appreciation of the meticulous nature of Islamic teachings and their application to various aspects of life, including animal husbandry and dietary laws.
