Muḥammad (محمد) - The Character of the Prophet of Islam

Introduction

Muḥammad, the Prophet of Islam, is a figure of central importance in Islamic tradition. His character, teachings, and leadership have left an indelible mark on history. This article explores the accounts of his life, character, and personal habits as recorded by various biographers and scholars.

Etymology and Translations

• Arabic: محمد (Muḥammad)
• Turkish: Muhammed

Accounts of Muḥammad’s Character

Sir William Muir’s Account

Sir William Muir, in his “Life of Mahomet,” provides a detailed portrayal of Muḥammad’s life and character. He quotes from various traditions to illustrate how Muslims view their Prophet.

Key Characteristics:

• Humility: Known for his simplicity, Muḥammad mended his clothes, cobbled his shoes, and helped with household duties.
• Kindness: He exhibited a forgiving nature, reserving anger only when God’s honor was at stake.
• Moderation: Preferred straightforward solutions and discouraged excessive fasting.
• Speech and Conduct: Spoke clearly, walked rapidly, and was affectionate with his companions.

Dr. A. Sprenger’s Review

Dr. A. Sprenger highlights Muḥammad’s transition from paganism to monotheism, detailing his time in seclusion at Mount Hira and his eventual assumption of the prophetic office.

Marcus Dodds and Character Analysis

Dr. Marcus Dodds emphasizes Muḥammad’s conviction and perseverance, admiring his courage in proclaiming a monotheistic message despite severe opposition and personal risks.

Thomas Carlyle’s Perspective

Thomas Carlyle views Muḥammad as an earnest and sincere leader, whose simplicity and profundity instilled deep respect among his followers. Carlyle notes his practical engagements and emotional depth.

Other Perspectives

• Rev. Dr. Badger: Discusses Muḥammad’s passion for women but acknowledges his other positive traits like frugality and loyalty.
• Bosworth Smith: Describes Muḥammad as a unique combination of spiritual and temporal leadership.
• Robert Durie Osborn: Critiques some of Muḥammad’s actions but acknowledges his unparalleled influence.

Primary Habits and Practices

• Dress and Appearance: Favored simple clothing, rarely ate reclining, and often used a tooth-pick.
• Prayer and Devotion: Spent long hours in prayer, showing deep devotion.
• Dietary Habits: Preferred simple foods like dates and water, occasionally enjoying lamb or sweetmeats.
• Interpersonal Conduct: Valued honesty and looked down upon lying.

Sources and Further Reading

For an expanded understanding of Muḥammad’s character and influence, the following books are recommended:

• “Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources” by Martin Lings
• “The Life of the Prophet Muhammad” by Ibn Kathir
• “Prophet Muhammad: A Biography” by Barnaby Rogerson

Takeaways and Conclusion

Muḥammad’s character is multifaceted, reflecting both admirable traits and actions that invite scrutiny. He is revered for his integrity, humility, and unwavering dedication to his mission. Understanding Muḥammad’s character provides insight into his lasting impact on Islam and the world.

While accounts vary and interpretations differ, the character of Muḥammad continues to inspire discussion and reflection among scholars and believers alike.

This comprehensive entry offers a balanced exploration of Muḥammad’s character, providing a foundation for further study and reflection.