Masjumi
Definition and Historical Context
Masjumi, formally known as Majlis Sjuro Muslimin Indonesia (Consultative Council of Indonesian Muslims), was one of Indonesia’s key political parties during the period of parliamentary democracy in the 1950s. Formed in 1945, shortly after Indonesia gained its independence, Masjumi brought together all major Indonesian Muslim organizations, marking it as a significant Islamic force in the newly established republic.
Etymology and Translations
- Arabic: مجلس شورا المسلمين الإندونيسي (Majlis Shura Muslimin al-Indunisi)
- Turkish: Endonezya Müslümanlar Şura Meclisi
Political Role and Ideology
As a Muslim party, Masjumi advocated for the establishment of an Islamic state and emphasized the necessity for Indonesian Muslims to adhere to Islamic law (Sharia). The party played a central role in the government from 1950 to 1957, although it was plagued by internal rivalries which eventually led to its diminished influence.
Challenges and Decline
In the 1950s, Masjumi’s involvement in a regional revolt aroused suspicion within the military leadership, particularly under President Sukarno. The party also staunchly defended parliamentary democracy, directly opposing Sukarno’s “guided democracy” approach. These positions, combined with internal conflicts, catalyzed the party’s decline. In 1960, Masjumi was banned, and its main leaders were detained.
Reformation and Legacy
Post-ban, efforts to revive the party resulted in the formation of Partai Muslimin Indonesia. However, this newer entity could not reclaim the influence and leadership stature of the original Masjumi.
Suggested Books for Further Studies
- “Islam and the Making of the Nation: Kartosuwiryo and Political Islam in 20th Century Indonesia” by Chiara Formichi
- “Muslim Politics” by Dale F. Eickelman and James Piscatori
- “Islam in Indonesia: The Contest for Society, Ideas and Values” by Carool Kersten
- “Modernist Islam, 1840-1940: A Sourcebook” edited by Charles Kurzman
Takeaways and Conclusion
Masjumi played a pioneering role in advocating for the integration of Islamic principles in the socio-political fabric of Indonesia during a critical period of its history. Despite internal conflicts and political pressures leading to its eventual disbandment, the legacy of Masjumi serves as a vital reference point for understanding the dynamic interplay between religion and politics in Indonesia.
The history of Masjumi highlights the complexities faced by Islamic political movements in navigating both ideological commitments to Islamic governance and the practical dynamics of political participation and survival within a broader national context.
This entry provides a comprehensive overview of Masjumi’s historical significance, political ambitions, challenges, and its eventual legacy in Indonesian political history. By examining the socio-political elements that influenced Masjumi, scholars and readers alike can gain nuanced insights into the evolution of Islamic political movements in Indonesia.
