Masjidu ʾN-Nabī (مسجد النبى)
Etymology and Translation
Masjidu ʾN-Nabī (مسجد النبى) is an Arabic term that translates to “The Prophet’s Mosque” in English.
- Arabic: مسجد النبى (masjid al-nabī)
- Turkish: Mescid-i Nebi
The term “Masjid” means mosque, and “Nabī” refers to the prophet, specifically the Islamic Prophet Muhammad.
Historical Significance
Masjidu ʾN-Nabī, located in Madinah, is revered as the second most significant mosque in Islam after the Sacred Mosque (Masjid al-Haram) in Makkah. According to Islamic tradition, it holds a unique place not only as a site of worship but also as a historical monument marking pivotal events in early Muslim history.
Origins and Early History
Captain R. F. Burton provides a detailed historical account of Masjidu ʾN-Nabī:
The Prophet Muhammad ordered the construction of the mosque on a piece of land purchased from orphans of the Anṣār tribe, despite their initial offer to gift the land. The mosque’s foundational stones were laid by Muhammad himself, and the construction was a collective effort by the early Muslim community, composed of both Anṣār (helpers) and Muhājirīn (emigrants from Makkah).
Architectural Development
-
Primitive Simplicity:
- Initial structure included walls of rough stone and unbaked bricks, with a palm-stick roof supported by date-tree trunks.
- No embellishments; height limited to seven cubits by an edict of the Archangel Gabriel.
-
Facing the Qibla:
- Initially, prayers were directed northwards; however, a divine revelation changed the direction to Makkah, leading to architectural modifications.
-
First Expansion after Khaibar:
- Significant participation from notable companions of the Prophet like Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman.
- Original and subsequent renovations honor the Prophet Muhammad’s foundational efforts.
-
Major Renovations:
- During the reign of Caliph al-Walid, substantial Greek and Coptic craftsmanship improved the mosque’s artistry with mosaics and gilding.
- Further enhancements saw inclusion of different materials and architectural styles over centuries.
-
Surrounding Developments:
- Included chambers of the Prophet’s wives and areas for communal activities.
- Mihrab and minarets added in subsequent expansions.
Cultural and Religious Importance
Masjidu ʾN-Nabī is not merely an architectural monument. It symbolizes Islamic unity and community (Ummah). It has housed religious teaching sessions, received envoys, and served as a sanctuary for spiritual practices. The Prophet Muhammad’s burial within the mosque adds another layer of reverence, making it a major site of pilgrimage (Ziyarat).
Books for Further Studies
- “Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah” by Richard F. Burton
- “The Sacred Mosque of Madinah” by Muhammad Husayn
- “Cities of God: The Religion of the Roman Empire” by Rüpke, Jörg
- “The Prophet’s Mosque: History, Architecture, and Sanctity” by M. M. Quareshi
Takeaways and Conclusion
Masjidu ʾN-Nabī remains a central pillar in Islam, both historically and spiritually. Its evolving architecture, from simple roots to a grand structure, reflects Islam’s growth and the deep reverence the Muslim community holds for it. Understanding the mosque’s history offers insights into Islamic culture, religious practices, and early Islamic history.
In conclusion, Masjidu ʾN-Nabī stands as a testament to Islamic unity, faith, and the enduring legacy of Prophet Muhammad’s teachings.
