Marwah (مروة)
Introduction
Marwah (Arabic: مروة) is a hill located near the holy city of Makkah, Saudi Arabia. It holds significant religious importance in Islam, especially in the context of the Hajj pilgrimage.
Etymology and Meaning
- Arabic: مروة (Marwah)
- Turkish: Merve
The term “Marwah” is derived from the root word “مرو” (m-r-w), which means “hard, white flints, full of fire,” as described by Sir Richard Francis Burton. It indicates the stony terrain that historically characterized this hill.
Historical and Religious Significance
Marwah, along with its sister hill Safa, is integral to the Islamic pilgrimage rituals of Hajj and Umrah. The historical and religious significance of Marwah can be traced back to the story of Hagar (Hajar), the wife of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham), and their son, Prophet Isma’il (Ishmael). According to Islamic tradition, Hagar ran seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwah searching for water for her son. This event is commemorated in the ritual of Sa’i, where pilgrims walk between these two hills.
- Safa and Marwah in the Qur’an: The importance of these hills is mentioned in the Qur’an, Surah Al-Baqarah (2:158):
<p>“Indeed, Safa and Marwah are among the symbols of Allah. So whoever makes Hajj to the House or performs Umrah, there is no blame upon him for walking between them. And whoever volunteers good – then indeed, Allah is appreciative and Knowing.”</p>
The Ritual of Sa’i
During Hajj and Umrah, pilgrims perform the ritual known as “Sa’i,” which involves walking seven times back and forth between the hills of Safa and Marwah. This act symbolizes Hagar’s desperate search for water and God’s mercy in providing the Zamzam well.
- Step-by-Step Sa’i Ritual:
- Starting Point: Begin at Safa.
- Travel to Marwah: Walk towards Marwah while reciting prayers.
- Completion: Finish one round upon reaching Marwah.
- Repetition: Repeat this process seven times, ending at Marwah.
Cultural and Social Aspects
The location and structure of Marwah and Safa have been incorporated into the modern Masjid al-Haram to accommodate the large number of pilgrims. Despite modernization, the significance of these rituals remains deeply rooted in Islamic tradition and collective memory.
Further Reading
For those interested in a deeper understanding of Marwah, its historical significance, and its place in Islamic ritual practices, the following books are recommended:
- “The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam” by F. E. Peters
- “Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam” by Venetia Porter
- “In the Footsteps of the Prophet: Lessons from the Life of Muhammad” by Tariq Ramadan
Takeaways
- Marwah is a hill near Makkah with significant religious import in Islam.
- The term “Marwah” refers to its stony terrain, filled with hard, white flints.
- The hills of Safa and Marwah are part of the ritual of Sa’i during Hajj and Umrah.
- The Qur’an references Safa and Marwah, emphasizing their importance in Islamic tradition.
- The ritual commemorates Hagar’s search for water and is a testament to God’s provision.
Conclusion
Marwah stands as a symbol of faith and endurance within the Islamic tradition. Its role in the Hajj and Umrah rites underscores its spiritual and historical significance, perpetuating the story of Hagar and the divine mercy she experienced. Understanding Marwah’s place within these rituals enriches the broader knowledge of Islamic practices and beliefs.
