Manaqib

Manaqib

Definition

Manaqib refers to a hagiographical and biographical genre in Islamic literature that recounts the merits, virtues, and miraculous deeds of holy persons or saints, known in Arabic as أولياء (awliya) and literally “friends of God.” This genre aims to underscore the spiritual elevation and moral examples set by these individuals.

Etymology and Translations

• Arabic: مناقب (manaqib)
• Turkish: Menakıb

The term “Manaqib” originates from the Arabic verb “naqaba” (نقب), meaning to examine or to probe, indicating the investigative nature of uncovering the lives of these holy individuals.

Characteristics

Manaqib literature often features:

• Virtues and Miracles: Detailed recounts of the spiritual and miraculous activities attributed to saints.
• Opposition and Conflict: Saints are frequently depicted in opposition to non-Muslim detractors, skeptical Muslims, or even other saints, highlighting their steadfastness and divine support.
• Hierarchies and Territories: Discussions often include hierarchies among holy persons, the specific territories they are associated with, and their roles as patrons of certain communities.
• Prophetic Parallels: Extensive discussions of Prophet Muhammad’s virtues and miracles also form a significant component.

Prominent Examples

1. Manaqib al-Arifin by Shams ad-Din Ahmad Aflaki: It chronicles the life and sayings of Jalal ad-Din Rumi and his spiritual lineage.
2. Manaqib al-Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal by Ibn al-Jawzi: A biographical account focusing on the virtues of the Hanbali school’s founder.

Recommended Books for Further Studies

1. “Muslim Saints and Mystics: Episodes from the Tadhkirat al-Auliya’” by Farid al-Din Attar (translated by A.J. Arberry)
2. “Rumi: Past and Present, East and West” by Franklin D. Lewis
3. “Sufis and Saints’ Bodies: Mysticism, Corporeality, and Sacred Power in Islam” by Scott Kugle
4. “A Sufi Saint of the Twentieth Century” by Martin Lings (Account of Ahmed al-Alawi)

Takeaways and Conclusion

Manaqib serves as an important genre within Islamic cultural and religious literature, encapsulating the moral virtues and divine characteristics of venerated holy figures. By chronicling their lives, Manaqib not only venerates these individuals but also provides moral and spiritual guidance for Muslims, encouraging a deeper connection to their faith and heritage.

See Also

• Hagiography: The broader genre encompassing the lives of saints in various religious traditions.

By exploring the Manaqib, Muslims gain insight into their spiritual history and draw inspiration from the exemplary lives of their spiritual predecessors.